Contents:1 Procedure in respect of the Committee on Freedom of Association
and the social partners ............................ ............... 1-29
Function of the ILO and mandate of the Committee on Freedom of Association 1-14
Fundamental obligations of member States in respect of human
and trade union rights . .... . . . . . ............. ... ...... .. . ....... . ..15-23
Obligations of governments relating to the procedure
of the Committee on Freedom of Association ........................... 24-25
The functions of organizations of workers and of employers ............... 26-29
2 Trade union rights and civil liberties
. . I ........................................................... 3 0 -2 0 8
General principles ...... . . ... .. . .... .. . . . . . .. . .... ..... ... 30-41
Right to life, security and the physical and moral integrity of the person ..... 42-60
Arrest and detention of trade unionists ..... ............. ................ 61-75
Preventive detention . .... ........ .. ... . . . . . . . ..... ... . .76-82
Detention during a state of emergency ...... ........... ... ............ 83-86
System of education through labour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . 87-88
Special bodies and summary procedures ............................... 89-90
Internment in psychiatric hospitals ................. . .. .... ........ 91
Bringing of charges and sentencing of trade unionists to imprisonment ...... 92-95
Guarantee of due process of law .. ............... .. .... ........... 96-120
Freedom of m ovem ent .......... ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .. . 121-129
Rights of assembly and demonstration ............ ..... ... ....... . . . ..... 130-153
A. Meetings of organizations in their premises
and in relation to labour disputes .............. . . . . . . . . .. 130-132
B. Public meetings and demonstrations ........................... 133-151
C. International trade union meetings ........ . ...... ......... ... 152-153
Freedom of opinion and expression .................. .... ......... .... 154-173
A. General principles .... . . . . . . . . . . .............. ........ . . . . . ... . 154-163
B. Authorization and censorship of publications ... .......... . ... 164-168
C. Publications of apolitical character ............... . ......... 169-171
D. Seizure ofpublications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ . 172-173
Freedom of speech at the International Labour Conference ................ 174
Protection against disclosure of information
on trade union membership and activities .............................. 175-177
Protection of trade union premises and property ......................... 178-192
State of emergency and the exercise of trade union rights .................. 193-204
Questions of a political nature affecting trade union rights ................. 205-208
3 Right of workers and employers, without distinction whatsoever,
to establish and to join organizations ............................. 209-271
G eneral principle . . . . . ... . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Distinctions based on race, political opinion or nationality ................ 210-215
Distinctions based on occupational category . ............. ............. 216-270
A. General principles ................ . ....... . . . . . . . . . . 216-217
B. Public servants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..... ..... . 218-238
(a) Members of the armed forces and the police ................... 223-226
(b) Civilian staff in the armed forces .................... ....... .. 227-229
(c) Local public service employees ................................. 230
(d) Firefighters ............................................. 231
(e) Prison staff ......... ........ ................. ... . ...... 232
(f) Customs officials ......... . . ... . . ............. . . . . . . . . ... 233
(g) Employees in the labour inspectorate ....................... 234
(h) Teachers ............................................... 235-237
(i) Locally recruited personnel in embassies ..... ............... 238
C. Security agents . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ................... .... 239-240
D. Agricultural workers . . . . . ..... . ........ . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . 241-242
E. Plantation workers . . . . ....... . . . . . . ... .......... . . .... . 243
F. Employees of airlines . . . ............ . . . . . ........... . . . . .. 244
G. Port workers .......... . . . . . ........ . . .... . .. . . ........... 245
H. Hospital personnel ................. . .... ............. .... . 246
I. Managerial and supervisory staff ................. ....... ... 247-253
J. Self-employed workers in the liberal professions ............... 254
K. Temporary workers ............................... .......... 255
L. Workers undergoing a period of work probation ................ 256-257
M. Workers hired under training contracts ...................... 258-259
N. Persons working under community participation programmes
intended to combat unemployment ............................. 260
0. Workers in cooperatives ................... ................... 261-262
Paragraph(s)
P. Distributors and sales agents . . . . . . . . . ....... . ........... . ... . 263
Q. Workers in export processing zones ................. ......... 264-266
R. Domestic workers ............... . . .......................... 267
S. Workers who have been dismissed .............................. 268-269
T. Retired workers . .. . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . ............. . . . . 270
Other distinctions . . . . ... .. . . ...... .............. . .... .... .... 271
4 Right of workers and employers to establish organizations
without previous authorization ....... ...... .. ................... 272-308
Requirement of previous authorization . ............ ... ............ 272-274
Legal formalities for the establishment of organizations .................... . 275-278
Requirements for the establishment of organizations
(minimum number of members, etc.) ..... .. ...... ............. . ... 279-293
Registration of organizations . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ...... ...... ........ . .. 294-308
5 Right of workers and employers to establish and join organizations
of their own choosing ........................................... . 309-368
General principles .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. ........ . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... 309-310
Trade union unity and pluralism . . . . ...... . ............. . . . . .. 311-332
Freedom of choice of trade union structure ............................ 333-337
Sanctions imposed for attempting to establish organizations ............... 338
Favouritism or discrimination in respect of particular organizations ......... 339-345
Admissible privileges for most representative unions ................... 346-359
Right to join organizations freely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360-362
Union security clauses . .. . . .. . . ... .. . . .. . . . ..... ....... . . . . 363-368
6 Right of organizations to draw up their constitutions and rules
S.. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 9 -3 8 7
Legislation on the subject and interference by the authorities .............. 369-383
Model constitutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .. . ... . . . . . . . ........ . 384
Racial discrim ination .................. . ................. . . . . . . ........ . ... . 385
Relations between first-level trade unions and higher-level organizations ..... 386-387
"7 Right of organizations to elect their representatives in full freedom
S.General principles. . . . ................... ................... ........ . . . . . . . . . . 388-453
General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . .... . 388-391
Electoral procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392-404
Eligibility conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405-42
A. Racial discrimination ................... ............... . . . . . . 40(
B. Employment in the occupation or enterprise ...................... 407-41:
C. Duration of membership of the organization ........ ........ .... 413-41Z
D. Political opinions or activities ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 415-41f
E. Moral standing of candidates for office .......................... 415
F. N ationality ................................................ 42(
G. Criminal record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421-424
H. Re-election . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 425-42(
Obligation to participate in ballots ................. .. .................. 427-42E
Intervention by the authorities in trade union elections ............... ... 429-43S
Challenges to trade union elections .................................... 440-442
Removal of executive committees and the placing of trade unions under control 444-452
8 Right of organizations to organize their administration
. 454-494
General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454-455
Internal administration of organizations ...... ... ......... .. .. ... .... 456-460
Control over the internal activities of organizations ...................... .. 461-465
Financial administration of organizations .......................... .. 466-494
A. Financial independence in respect of the public authorities .......... 466-472
B. Union dues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. 473-484
C. Control and restrictions on the use of trade union funds ........... 485-494
9 Right of organizations freely to organize their activities
and to formulate their programmes ............................... 495-519
General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . . . . . . . . 495-496
Political activities and relations .......... . . . .................... . . 497-507
Other activities of trade union organizations
(protest activities, sit-ins, public demonstrations, etc.) ..................... 508-519
10 Right to strike
u . i g 4 9 .. . . . . . . .. . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520-676
Importance of the right to strike and its legitimate exercise ................. 520-525
Objective of the strike (strikes on economic and social issues,
political strikes, solidarity strikes, etc.) .. ............................ .. 526-544
Types of strike action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 545-546
Prerequisites ... . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . .. 547-563
Recourse to compulsory arbitration ..................... . ...... ..... 564-569
Cases in which strikes may be restricted or even prohibited,
and compensatory guarantees ......................................... .570-603
A. Acute national emergency .. ... .......................... . 570-571
B. Public service ................. ................... ........... . 572-580
C. Essential services .............................. . ...... * ..... 581-594
D. Compensatory guarantees in the event of the prohibition of strikes
in the public service or in essential services ............ . ....... . 595-603
Situations in which a minimum service may be imposed to guarantee
the safety of persons and equipment (minimum safety service) .............. 604-605
Situations and conditions under which a minimum operational service
could be required ... ...... ........ . ... . . . .. . ..... .. ... ...... ..... . . 606-614
Examples of when the Committee has considered that the conditions were met
for requiring a minimum operational service ............... ............. 615-626
Non-compliance with a minimum service ................. . .. .......... ... 627
Responsibility for declaring a strike illegal .................................. 628-631
Back-to-work orders, the hiring of workers during a strike,
requisitioning orders ................ .................. . . ............. 632-639
Interference by the authorities during the course of the strike ............... 640-641
Police intervention during the course of the strike ............... ....... 642-647
Pickets ............. . . . ................... .......... .. ....... .. . 648-653
Wage deductions ................... . ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654-657
Sanctions ........................ . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 658-674
A. In the event of a legitimate strike ................... ........... 658-666
B. Cases of abuse while exercising the right to strike ................. 667-670
C. In cases of peaceful strikes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . ... 671-673
D. Large-scale sanctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . .. 674
Discrimination in favour of non-strikers ........... . .. ..... ... .......... 675
Closure of enterprises in the event of a strike . . .. ......... . ............. 676
11 Dissolution and suspension of organizations
General principles ....... .... . ......... .......... . . . .. . ...... ... .. .. .. 677-678
Voluntary dissolution ..... . ........ .. . ................ ......... . .. . . 679
Dissolution on account of insufficient membership ................. ...... 680-682
Dissolution and suspension by administrative authority ................. . 683-684
Cancellation of registration or trade union status ....................... 685-689
Dissolution by legislative measures ......................... ...... ... 690-691
Reasons for dissolution ......... .... ..................... . . . . . . . ....... 692-698
Intervention by the judicial authorities .......................... ....... . 699-705
12 Right of employers' and workers' organizations to establish
12 federations and confederations and to affiliate with international
organizations of employers and workers ........................
Establishment of federations and confederations ............ . ,.. .........
Affiliation with federations and confederations .........................
Rights of federations and confederations ................... . ..........
Affiliation with international organizations of workers and employers .......
A. General principles ..........................................
B. Intervention by the public authorities ...........................
C. Consequences of international affiliation ........................
Participation in ILO meetings ................. ................. .....
13 Protection against
anti-union discrimination ......... ..... .......................
G eneral principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... .
Workers protected . . . . ... . . . .. . . . .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Forms of discrimination ..... ......... . . .. .. .. .............. . . . . .
A. General principles .. .... .... ........ ........ . . . . . . . . .....
B. Discrimination in relation to hiring ................................
C. Discrimination during employment ............................
D. Discriminatory dismissal .......... . . . ... ........ ........
Trade union leaders and representatives ........... .. . .... .........
A. General principles ........ ..... .... ... ................... ...
B. Blacklists . . . . . .. . . ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C. Dismissal of trade union leaders . ...... . . . ...... ......... .
Need for rapid and effective protection ................. . . .... .. . .
Reinstatement of trade unionists in their jobs ........... ............... .
Discrimination against employers ................... .. .............. ..
14/ Protection against
J acts of interference ................... ................. ......
G eneral principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..............................
Solidarist or other associations .................. . ......................
A. Definition ................... ................... ......... . .
B. Safeguards to prevent associations from carrying out
trade union activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................
1 5Collective bargaining
The right to bargain collectively - General principles .................
Workers covered by collective bargaining ...........................
Subjects covered by collective bargaining .... . .......... ...........
The principle of free and voluntary negotiation .......................
Mechanisms to facilitate collective bargaining .. ... ................
The principle of bargaining in good faith ............ ... .........
Collective bargaining with representatives of non-unionized workers ....
Recognition of the most representative organizations .........................
Determination of the trade union(s) entitled to negotiate ..............
Rights of m inority unions * .......................................
Determination of employers' organizations entitled to negotiate ........
Representation of organizations in the collective bargaining process .....
Level of bargaining . ............... . .............. . . . . . ...........
Restrictions on the principle of free and voluntary bargaining .........
A. Compulsory arbitration .... .... .... ..... ...... .. .........
B. Intervention by the authorities in collective bargaining .........
(a) G eneral principles ................... ............... . .
(b) The drafting of collective agreements .. . ........ .......
(c) Administrative approval of freely concluded collective agreemer
and the national economic policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
(d) Administrative interventions which require the renegotiation
of existing collective agreements ................... ......
(e) Compulsory extension of the period for which collective agreem
are in force .. . . . . . . . .......................... . . .
(f) Restrictions imposed by the authorities on future collective bargail
(g) Restrictions on clauses to index wages to the cost of living .....
(h) Budgetary powers and collective bargaining ................
(i) Other forms of intervention by the authorities ...............
Time-limits for bargaining ............... .. .. ............ ....... ......
Duration of collective agreements ...................................
Extension of collective agreements . ..... ........... .................
Relationship between individual employment contracts and collective agreem(
Incentives to workers to give up the right to collective bargaining ........
Closure of the enterprise and application of the collective agreement .....
Relationship between ILO Conventions ............... ...............
16 Consultation with the organizations
of workers and employers .............. .....................
General orincinles
Consultation and processes of restructuring, rationalization and staff redi
Consultation concerning the bargaining process .....................
Consultations on the redistribution of the assets of trade unions
which have been dissolved . .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........
17 Participation of organizations of workers and employers
in various bodies and procedures .........................
18 Facilities for workers' representatives
G eneral principles ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .....
Collection of dues . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ........ ..............
Access to the management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................... .
Access to the workplace ................. ... .. . ............... ...
Free time accorded to workers' representatives .......... ............
Facilities on plantations .... .. . .. ... .... ............ .... . . .. .
9 Conflicts within the trade union movement
TextPublication details: Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2006Edition: 5th edDescription: xii, 275 p. 25 cmISBN: 9221190315Subject(s): Labor unions Law and legislation Digests | Freedom of association DigestsDDC classification: 344.0188 
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