Epistemology/
Epistemology/
Audi, Robert
- 3rd ed.
- New York: Routledge, 2010.
- 404 p.
Introduction: a sketch of the sources and nature of belief,
justification, and knowledge
Perception, belief, and justification
Justification as process, as status, and as property
Knowledge and justification
Memory, introspection, and self-consciousness
Reason and rational reflection
Testimony
Basic sources of belief, justification, and knowledge
Three kinds of grounds of belief
Fallibility and skepticism
Overview
Part One
Sources of justification, knowledge, and truth
I Perception: sensing, believing, and knowing
The elements and basic kinds of perception
Seeing and believing
Perceptuai justification and perceptual knowledge
Notes
2 Theories of perception: sense experience,
appearances, and reaiity
Some commonsense views of perception
The theory of appearing
Sense-datum theories of perception
Adverbial theories of perception
Adverbial and sense-datum theories of sensory experience
Phenomenalism
Perception and the senses
Notes
3 Memory: the preservation and reconstruction of
the past
Memory and the past
The causal basis of memory beliefs
Theories of memory
Remembering, recalling, and imaging
Remembering, imaging, and recognition
The epistemological centrality of memory
Notes
4 Consciousness: the life of the mind
Two basic kinds of mental properties
Introspection and inward vision
Some theories of introspective consciousness
Consciousness and privileged access
Introspective consciousness as a source of justification and knowledge
Notes
5 Reason I: understanding, insight, and inteliectual
power
Self-evident truths of reason
The classical view of the truths of reason
The empiricist view of the truths of reason
Notes
6 Reason II: meaning, necessity, and provability
The conventionalist view of the truths of reason
Some difficulties and strengths of the classical view
Reason, experience, and a priori justification
Notes
7 Testimony: the social foundation of knowledge
The nature of testimony: formal and informal
The psychology of testimony
The epistemology of testimony
The indispensability of testimonial grounds
Notes
Part Two
The structure and growth of justification and
knowledge
8 Inference and the extension of knowledge
The process, content, and structure of inference
Inference and the growth of knowledge
Source conditions and transmission conditions for inferential knowledge
and justification
Memorial preservation of inferential Justification and inferential
knowledge
Notes
9 The architecture of knowledge
Inferential chains and the structure of belief
The epistemic regress problem
The epistemic regress argument
Foundationalism and coherentism
Holistic coherentism
The nature of coherence
Coherence and second-order justification
Moderate foundationalism
Notes
Part Three
The nature and scope of justification and knowledge
10 The analysis of knowledge: justification, certainty,
and reliability
Knowledge and justified true belief
Knowledge conceived as the right kind of justified true belief
Naturalistic accounts of the concept of knowledge
Problems for reliability theories
Notes
11 Knowledge, justification, and truth: internalism,
externalism, and intellectual virtue
Knowledge and justification
Internalism and externalism in epistemology
Internalist and externalist versions of virtue epistemology
Justification, knowledge, and truth
The value problem
Theories of truth
Concluding proposals
Notes
12 Scientific, moral, and religious knowledge
Scientific knowledge
Moral knowledge
Religious knowledge
Notes
13 Skepticism I: the quest for certainty
The possibility of pervasive error
Skepticism generalized
The egocentric predicament
Fallibility
Uncertainty
Notes
14 Skepticism 11: the defense of common sense in the
face of fallibility
Negative versus positive defenses of common sense
Deducibility, providential transmission, and induction
The authority of knowledge and the cogency of its grounds
Refutation and rebuttal
Prospects for a positive defense of common sense
The challenge of rational disagreement
Skepticism and common sense
Notes
9780415879231
121 / AUD/E
Introduction: a sketch of the sources and nature of belief,
justification, and knowledge
Perception, belief, and justification
Justification as process, as status, and as property
Knowledge and justification
Memory, introspection, and self-consciousness
Reason and rational reflection
Testimony
Basic sources of belief, justification, and knowledge
Three kinds of grounds of belief
Fallibility and skepticism
Overview
Part One
Sources of justification, knowledge, and truth
I Perception: sensing, believing, and knowing
The elements and basic kinds of perception
Seeing and believing
Perceptuai justification and perceptual knowledge
Notes
2 Theories of perception: sense experience,
appearances, and reaiity
Some commonsense views of perception
The theory of appearing
Sense-datum theories of perception
Adverbial theories of perception
Adverbial and sense-datum theories of sensory experience
Phenomenalism
Perception and the senses
Notes
3 Memory: the preservation and reconstruction of
the past
Memory and the past
The causal basis of memory beliefs
Theories of memory
Remembering, recalling, and imaging
Remembering, imaging, and recognition
The epistemological centrality of memory
Notes
4 Consciousness: the life of the mind
Two basic kinds of mental properties
Introspection and inward vision
Some theories of introspective consciousness
Consciousness and privileged access
Introspective consciousness as a source of justification and knowledge
Notes
5 Reason I: understanding, insight, and inteliectual
power
Self-evident truths of reason
The classical view of the truths of reason
The empiricist view of the truths of reason
Notes
6 Reason II: meaning, necessity, and provability
The conventionalist view of the truths of reason
Some difficulties and strengths of the classical view
Reason, experience, and a priori justification
Notes
7 Testimony: the social foundation of knowledge
The nature of testimony: formal and informal
The psychology of testimony
The epistemology of testimony
The indispensability of testimonial grounds
Notes
Part Two
The structure and growth of justification and
knowledge
8 Inference and the extension of knowledge
The process, content, and structure of inference
Inference and the growth of knowledge
Source conditions and transmission conditions for inferential knowledge
and justification
Memorial preservation of inferential Justification and inferential
knowledge
Notes
9 The architecture of knowledge
Inferential chains and the structure of belief
The epistemic regress problem
The epistemic regress argument
Foundationalism and coherentism
Holistic coherentism
The nature of coherence
Coherence and second-order justification
Moderate foundationalism
Notes
Part Three
The nature and scope of justification and knowledge
10 The analysis of knowledge: justification, certainty,
and reliability
Knowledge and justified true belief
Knowledge conceived as the right kind of justified true belief
Naturalistic accounts of the concept of knowledge
Problems for reliability theories
Notes
11 Knowledge, justification, and truth: internalism,
externalism, and intellectual virtue
Knowledge and justification
Internalism and externalism in epistemology
Internalist and externalist versions of virtue epistemology
Justification, knowledge, and truth
The value problem
Theories of truth
Concluding proposals
Notes
12 Scientific, moral, and religious knowledge
Scientific knowledge
Moral knowledge
Religious knowledge
Notes
13 Skepticism I: the quest for certainty
The possibility of pervasive error
Skepticism generalized
The egocentric predicament
Fallibility
Uncertainty
Notes
14 Skepticism 11: the defense of common sense in the
face of fallibility
Negative versus positive defenses of common sense
Deducibility, providential transmission, and induction
The authority of knowledge and the cogency of its grounds
Refutation and rebuttal
Prospects for a positive defense of common sense
The challenge of rational disagreement
Skepticism and common sense
Notes
9780415879231
121 / AUD/E