000			07054nam a22001457a 4500
020			_a9788131310632
040			_cCUS
082			_a001.42 _bJHA/R
100			_aJha, Avdhesh S. _914050
245			_aResearch methodology
260			_aNew Delhi : _bAPH Publishing , _c2011
300			_axiv, 316 p.
505			_aPreface Scientific Thinking and Research 1.1 Introduction 12 Knowledge 13 Inquiry 1.4 Scientific Thinking 1.5 Aristotle and Deductive Method 1.6 Bacon and Inductive Method 1.7 Darwin Inductive and Deductive Method 1.8 John Dewey and Scientific Method 1.9 Reflective Thinking 1.10 Steps of Scientific Thinking 1.11 The role of Theory 1.12 Research 1.13 Definition of Research 1.14 Characteristics of Research 1.15 Nature of Research 1.16 Importance of Research 1.17 Types of Research 1.17.1 Basic Research 1.172 Applied research 1.17.3 Action Research 1.18 Qualities of an Investigator 1.19 Difference between Action Research and Fundamental Research 120 Steps of Research 121 Factors hindering Research Exercise viii Research Methodology 2 Educational Research 31 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Definitions of Educational Research 2.3 Characteristics of Educational Research 2.4 Objectives of Educational Research 2.5 Importance of Educational Research 2.6 Scope of Educational Research 2.7 Steps of Educational Research 2.8 Factors hindering educational Research 2.9 Usefulness of Educational Research 2.10 Some Ethical Considerations Exercise 3 Construction of a Problem 47 3.1 Introduction 32 Identification of a Problem 3.3 Criteria for selection of a Problem 3.4 Defining a Problem 3.5 Statement of a Problem 3.6 Definition of a Problem 3.7 Characteristics of a Problem 3.8 Nature of a Problem 3.9 Sources of a Problem 3.10 Clarifying and stating a Problem 3.11 Delimiting a Problem 3.12 Assumptions about the Problem 3.13 Evaluating the Problem 3.14 The Research Proposal 3.15 Criteria for evaluating Research Proposal 3.16 Characteristics of a good Researcher Exercise 4 Review of Literature 57 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Meaning of Review of Literature 43 Need of Review of Literature 4.4 Objectives of Review of Literature 4.5 Importance of Review of Literature 4.6 Sources of Review of Literature 4.6.1 Books and Text books Material 4.6.2 Periodicals 4.63 Abstracts 4.6.4 Encyclopaedia 4.6.5 Almanacs, Handbook, Yearbooks and Guides 4.6.6 References on International Education 4.6.7 Specialized Dictionaries 4.6.8 Biography 4.6.9 ERIC 4.6.10 Dissertations and Theses 4.6.11 Newspapers 4.6.12 General Reference 4.7 Functions of Review of Literature 4.8 Conducting the Review of Literature 4.9 Suggestions for Library Use 4.10 Reading Skill for Review of Literature 4.11 Note Taking 4.12 Reporting Review of Literatiu-e 4.13 Advantage of Review of Literature 4.14 Limitations of Review of Literature Exercise Hypothesis 5.1 Introduction 52 Assumption, Postulate and Hypothesis 53 Meaning of Hypothesis 5.4 Definitions of Hypothesis 53 Characteristics of Hypothesis 5.6 Nature of Hypothesis 5.7 Functions of Hypothesis 5.8 Importance of a Hypothesis 5.9 Role of Hypotheses 5.10 Sources of Hypothesis 5.11 Formulating Hypothesis 5.12 Formulation of Testable Hypothesis 5.13 Fundamental Basis of Hypothesis 5.14 Tj'pes of Hypothesis 5.15 Kinds of Hypotheses 5.16 Characteristics of a good Hypothesis 5.17 Variables in a Hypothesis 5.18 Variables 5.18.1 The Independent Variable 5.18J2 The Dependent Variable 5.18.3 The Moderate Variable 5.18.4 Control Variable 5.18.5 Intervening Variable 5.19 Some Considerations for Variables Choice 520 Controlling the Variables 521 Operational Definitions 522 Difficulties in the Formation of Useful Hypothesis 523 Testing the hypothesis 524 Formal Conditions for Testing Hypotheses 525 Using Decision Rules 526 Types of Errors 527 Interpreting the Results of Tests of Hypotheses 528 Theoretical Considerations 529 Criteria for Evaluating Hypothesis 530 Hypotheses in Historical Research 531 Uses of Hypotheses in Educational Researches Exercise Research Design and Sampling 6.1 Introduction 62 Research Design 63 Population 6.4- Characteristics of Population 6.5 Sampling 6.6 Characteristics of Sampling 6.7 Sampling frames 6.8 Representativeness 6.9 The Decision to Sample 6.10 Cautions about Sampling 6.11 Probability Samples and Non-Probability Samples 6.12 Probability Sampling 6.13 Characteristics of Probability Sampling 6.14 Non-probability Sampling 6.15 Characteristics ofNon- Probability Sampling 6.16 Types of Probability and Non-Probability Sampling 6.16.1 Randomization 6.162 Simple Random Sampling 6.16.3 Systematic Sampling 6.16.4 Stratified Sampling 6.16.5 Multi-stage Sampling 6.16.6 Cluster Sampling 6.16.7 Convenience Sampling 6.16.8 Purposive Sampling 6.16.9 Quota Sampling 6.16.10 Double Sampling 6.16.11 Snowball Sampling 6.17 Characteristics of a Good Sample 6.18 Type of error in Samplmg 6.19 Size ofSample 620 Determine the size of Sample 621 Standard Error 622 Advantages of Sampling Exercise 7 Methods of Research 7.1 Introduction 11 Meaning and Definition of Method 73 Research methods 7.3.1 Classification according to George J. Mouley 732 Classification of Methods according to Phenomena 7.3.3 Classification of Methods according to Process 73.4 Classification of Methods according to Data Collection 7.3.5 Classification of Methods according to Objectives 7.3.5.1 Qualitative Research Methods 73.52 Quantitative Methods 73.6 General Classification of Methods 73.6.1 Exploratory Research 7.3.6.1.1 Historical Method 7.3.6.1.2 Ethnography 7.3.6.1.3 Case Study 7.3.6.2 Descriptive Research 7.3.6.2.1 Survey Method 7.3.6.2.2 Trend Study 7.3.6.3 Ex-Post—^Facto Research 7.3.6.3.1 Co-relational Design 7.3.6.3.2 Criterion Group Design Exercise 8 Experimental Design 8.1 Introduction 82 Definition of Experiment 83 Characteristics of Experimental Design 8.4 Need of Experimental Design 8.5 Importance of Experimental Design 8.6 Variables 8.7 Steps of Experimental Research 8.8 Elements of Experiment 8.9 Validity of Experiments 8.10 Classification of Experiment 8.11 Various Types of Errors 8.12 Controlling the Error Variance 8.13 Basic principles of Experimental Design 8.14 Important Characteristics of Experimental Design 8.15 Types of Experimental Design 8.15.1 Pre Experimental Design 8.15.2 True Experimental Design 8.153 Quasi Experimental Design 8.16 Limitations of Experiment Exercise 9 Tools of Research 9.1 Introduction 92 Tools of Research 92.1 Observation 9.2.2 Checklist 9.2.3 Rating Scale 9.2.4 SelfReport 9.2.5 Interview 9.2.6 Questionnaire 92.7 Oppinionnaire 9.2.7.1 Attitude Scale 9.2.7.2 Q Sort Technique 9.2.7.3 Semantic differential Technique 92.8 Tests 9.2.9 Standardised test Exercise 10 Parametric and Non Parametric tests 10.1 Introduction 102 Parametric Tests 10.2.1 t-test 10.2.2 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 10.2.3 Analysis of Covariance, (ANCOVA) 102.4 Correlation 102.5 Coefficient of Correlation 103 Non-Parametric Tests Exercise 11 APA Style and Report Writing 11.1 Introduction 112 In-text reference Citations 113 Reference List Exercise
942			_cL2C2 _03
999			_c3339 _d3339