000			14094nam a2200157Ia 4500
020			_a9781403900388
040			_cCUS
082			_a150.072 _bBAN/I
100			_aBanyard, Philip _913360
245		0	_aIntroducing psychological research/ _cPhilip Banyard, Andrew Grayson
250			_a3rd.ed.
260			_aUK: _bPalgrave macmillan, _c1996.
300			_a570 p.
505			_aPart I Social Psychology 1 Social Influence Eight out often owners said their cats preferred it ■ Asch, S.E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 193, 31-5. Be a good boy and do as you are told ■ Milcram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal ofAbnormal and Social Psychology, 67, Going underground ■ PiLiAviN, I.M., Rodin, J.A. and Piliavin, J. (1969)- Good Samaritanism; an underground phenomenon? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 289-99. Walk on by ■ Levine, R.M. (1999). Rethinking bystander non-intervention, social categorization and the evidence of witnesses at the James Bulger murder trial. Human Relations, 52, 1133-55- 2 Social Judgements Changing our minds ■ Festincer, L. and Carlsmith, j.M. (i959)- Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Jo rnal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-10. Is she really going out with him? ■ Nisbett, R.E., Caputo, C., Lecant, P. and Marecek, J. (i973)- Behaviour as seen by the actor and as seen by the observer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 154-64. I'm not prejudiced but ... ■ LaPiere, R.T. (1934). Attitudes vs. actions. Social Forces, 13, 230-7. The minimal group studies ■ Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientifc American, 223, 96-102. Shock and awe ■ Fischhoff, B., Gonzalez, R., Lerner, J. and Small, D. (2005). Evolving judgements of terror risks: foresight, hindsight and emotion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2, 124-39. Social Interaction The robber's cave ■ Sherif, M. (1956). Experiments in group conflict. Scientifc American, 195, 54~S- The mother (and father) of all groups ■ Bales, R.F. (1955)- How people interact in conferences. Scientific American, 1^2, The prison simulation ■ Haney, C., Banks, W.C. and Zimbardo, P.G. (1973)- A study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison. Naual Research Review, 30, 4-17- S. and Hasla^m, S.A. (2006). Rethinking the psychology of tyranny: the BBC prison study. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 1-40- Small world and getting smaller ■ Dodds, p., Muhamad, R. and Watts, D. (2003)- An experimental study of search in global social networks. Science, 301, 827-9. ^art II Biological and Comparative Psychology ^ Learning The flight of the killer pigeons ■ Skinner, B.F. (1960). Pigeons in a pelican. American Psychologist, 15, 28-37. What's your pleasure? • 1 1 +• Olds ]• Milner, P. (1954). Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation f the septal area and other regions of the rat brain. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 47, 419-27. Learning to be helpless ■ Selicman, M.E.P. and Maier, S.F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 1-9. Bashing Bobo ■ Bandura, a.. Ross, D. and Ross, S.A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal ofAbnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-82. Monkey talk ■ Gardner, R.A. and Gardner, B.T. (1969). Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee. Science, 165, 664-72. 5 Comparative Psychology The colony of monkeys ■ Rawlins, R. (1979). Forty years of rhesus research. New Scientist, 82, 108-10. A fishy tale ■ Tinbercen, N. (1952). The curious behaviour of the stickleback. Scientific American, 187, 22-6. Rat City: the behavioural sink ■ Calhoun, J.B. (1962). Population density and social pathology. Scientific American, 206, 139-48. Just monkeying around ■ Alexander, G.M. and Hines, M. (2002). Sex differences in response to children's toys in nonhuman primates. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 467-79. 6 Bio-Psychology A brain of two halves ■ Sperry, R.W. (1968). Hemisphere deconnection and unity in conscious awareness. American Psychologist, 23, 723-33. How do you feel? ■ ScHACHTER, S. and Singer, J.E. (1962). Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69, 379-99. To sleep, perchance to dream ■ Dement, W. and Kleitman, N. (1957). The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: an objective method for the study of dreaming. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53, 339-46. Murderers! Raine, a., Buchsbaum, M. and LaCasse, L. (1997). Brain abnormalities in murderers indicated by positron emission tomography. Biological Psychiatry, 42, 495-508. , rt t Mastermind ■ Macuire, E. A., e£ o/. (2000). Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 97, 439^~403- Where does it hurt.i* ■ Melzack, R. (1992). Phantom limbs. Scientific American, April, 90-6. Part III Diversity 7 Identity Black dolls and White dolls ■ Hraba, j. and Grant, G. (1970). Black is beautiful: a re-examination of racial preference and identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, i6, 398-402. Black identity ■ Nobles, W.W. (1976). Extended self: rethinking the so-called Negro self-concept. Journal of Black Psychology, 2, 15-24. The boy who was raised as a girl: a psychological tragedy ■ Diamond, M. and Sicmundson, K. (1997)- Sex reassignment at birth: a long term review and clinical implications. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. 151. 298-304- Mirror, mirror on the wall ... ■ Koff, E. (1983). Through the looking glass of menarche: what the adolescent girl sees. In S. Golub (ed.), Menarche, pp. 77-86. Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath. Girls just want to have fun > Kino, j. (1989). Gender reference terms: separating the women from the girls. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 185-7. 8 Abnormality , u You don't have to be mad to work here. You don't even have to be mad to be in here ... ■ Rosenhan, D.L (1973). On being sane in insane places. Science, 179, 250-8. The Three Faces of Eve - Thicpen, C.H. and Cleckley, H. (i954)- A case of multiple personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49< ^35—5^- Paranoid humanoid ■ Griffith, j.D., Cavanaugh, ]., Held, j. and Gates, j.A. (1972). Dextroamphetamine; evaluation of psychomimetic properties in man. Archive of General Psychiatry, 26, 97-100. Fear today, gone tomorrow r u k- ■ Lang, P-J- and Lazovik, A.D. (1963). Experimental desensitization of a photiia. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 519-25- It could be you! But it probably won't be. ■ Griffiths, M.D. (1994). The role of cognitive bias and skill in fruit machine gambling. British Journal of PsychologY, 85, 351-69. 9 Individual Differences The Big Five ■ McCrae, R.R. and Costa, P.T. (1987). Validation of the five factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 81-90. Measuring masculinity and femininity ■ Bem, S.L {1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42,155-62. Mis-measuring intelligence ■ Gould, S.j. (1982). A nation of morons. New Scientist (6 May 1982), pp. 349-52. A brave new world ■ Plomin, R., and Daniels, D. (1987). Why are children in the same family so different from one another? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, io, i-i6. Part IV Developmental Psychology TO Attachment Can you hear me mother? ■ Harlow, H.F. (1959). Love in infant monkeys. Scientific American, 200, 68-74. Family life ■ Hodges, J. and Tizard, B. (1989)- Social and family relationships of ex-institutional adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, Tj-rj-j. Emotional deprivation ■ KoluchovA, j. (1972). Severe deprivation in twins: a case study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13, 107-14. The behaviour of newborn children in two different cultures ■ Brazelton, T.B., Koslowski, B. and Tronick, E. (1976). Neonatal behavior among urban Zambians and Americans. Journal of Child Psychiatry, 15, 97-107. n The Classic Approaches i want a girl, just like the girl that married dear old Dad ■ Freud, S. (1909). Analysis of a phobia of a five-year-old boy. In The Pelican Freud Library (1977), Vol. 8, Case Histories i, pp. 169-306. The tale of Little Albert Watson, J.B. and Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14. Piaget's cognitive approach ■ Samuel, J. and Br/ant, P. (1984). Asking only one question in the conservation experiment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, 315-18. Vygotsky's social constructivist approach ■ Wood, D.. Wood, H. and Middleton, D. (1978)- An experimental evaluation of four face-to-face teaching strategies. International journal of Behavioral Development, 1, 131-47. 12 Communication The dance of the neonates ■ Condon, W.S. and Sander, L.W. (1974)- Neonate movement is synchronized with adult speech: interactional participation and language acquisition. Science, 183, 99-101. Listen with mother ■ Fernald, a. (1985). Four-month-old infants prefer to listen to motherese. Infant Behavior and Development, 8, 181-95. All the king's horses and all the king's men ... ■ Bryant, P.E., Bradley, L., Maclean, M. and Crossland, J. (1989). Nursery rhymes, phonological skills and reading. Journal of Child Language, 16, 407-28. Talking proper ■ Ubov, W. (1969). The logic of nonstandard English. In P P Giglioli (ed.), Language and Social Context. FHarmondsworth, England. Penguin. Part V Cognitive psychology 13 Memory rTArTLE^T^,T.rr932). Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tctr n.r and Lockhart, R.S. (197a). Levels of processing: a framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11. 671-84- J.C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: an example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13, 585 9- False or recovered memories? a LoFTUs, E.F. and Pickrell, j.E. (1995). The formation of false memories. Psychiatric Annals, 25, 720-5. 14 Perception Scientifc American, 202, 64-7''■ why did the antelope cross the road? ■ Derecowski, J.B. (1972). Pictorial perception and culture. Scientific American, 227, 82-8. Walk like a man ... ■ Kozlowski, L.T. and Cutting, J.E. (1977) Recognizing the sex of a walker from a dynamic point-light display. Perception and Psychophysics, 21, 575-80 Are you having a laugh? ■ Carroll, P.J., Young, J.R. and Guertin, M.S. (1992). Visual analysis of cartoons: a view from the far side. In K. Rayhor (ed.) Eye Movements and Visual Cognition: Scene Perception and Reading, pp. 444-61. New York: Springer-Verlag. 15 Mind and Thought Autism and theories of mind ■ Baron-cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C. and Robertson, M. (1997). Another advanced test of theory of mind: evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 813-22. I'm sorry Dave, I can't do that ■ Searle, J.R. (1980). Minds, brains and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, 417—57. Is it a bird, is it a plane ...? ■ Collins, A.M. and Quillian, M.R. (1969) Retrieval time from semantic memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8, 240-7. Hearing colours, tasting shapes ■ Ramachandran, V.S. and Hubbard, E.M. (2001). Psychophysical investigations into the neural basis of synaesthesia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 268, 979-83. 16 Attention Now you see it, now you don't ■ Sperling, G. (i960). The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs, 74 (no. 11. Whole no. 498). Listening with one ear ■ Gray, J.A. and Wedderburn, A.A.I, (i960). Grouping strategies with simultaneous stimuli. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 180-4. Monkey business ■ Simons, D.j. and Chabris, C.F. (1999). Gorillas in our midst: sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events Perception, 28, 1059-74. Part VI Psychological Methods 17 Analysing Data Discourse analysis ■ Potter, J. and Edwards, D. (1990). Nigel Lawson's tent: discourse analysis, attribution theory and the social psychology of fact. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 405-24. AIDS and uncertainty ■ Weitz, R. (1989). Uncertainty and the lives of persons with AIDS. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, 270-81. Life is stress ■ Holmes, T.H. and Rahe, R.H. (1967). The Social Re-adjustment Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, ii, 213-18. Shrink-wrapped: the choice of therapist ■ Smith, M.L. and Glass, G.V. (1977)- Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychologist, 32, 752-60. 18 Issues in Research Demand characteristics ■ Orne, M.T. (1962). On the social psychology of the psychological experiment: with particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications. American Psychologist, 17, 776-83. Who are psychology's subjects.i* ■ Sears, D.O. (1986). College sophomores in the laboratory: influences of a narrow data base on psychology's view of human nature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5T 513-30. How gullible are you? . . Forer, B. R. (1949). The fallacy of personal validation: a class-room demonstration of gullibility. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44. n8-2i. Dull rats and bright rats ■ Rosenthal, R. and Fode, K.L. (1963). The effect of experimenter bias on the performance of the a bino rat. Behavioral Science, 8, 183-9. Why psychology? ■ Miller, G. (1969). Psychology as a means of promoting human welfare. American Psychologist, 24, 1063-75. 19 Methodology: How Does Psychological Research Get Done? Section 1: Data and data analysis Section 2: Research methods and designs Section 3: Quality control
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