Medical sociology: an introduction Hannah Bradby

Part 1 The social context of health and illnessA very brief history of medicine and society Introduction 1900 - the dawn of the twentieth century First World War: 1914-1918 1918-1939 Second World War 1939-1945 1945 to the 21st century Costs and benefits of 20th century medical innovation Health inequalities Medical transformations Further reading Revision questions & Extension questionsDefining the doctor's remit Introduction Diagnosis: legitimate and illegitimate illness Treating diagnosed disease Defining death Doing death Defining doctors as special healers Overlap with other professionals' work Specialization to the point of incoherence? Medicine's place in society Further reading Revision questions & Extension questionsDefining health, defining disease Introduction Biomedical disease model Limitations of the biomedical model Defining health Lay understandings of health Dimensions of lay models of health The context of health Biomedical disease and the value of health Further reading Revision questions & Extension questions Part 2 Getting ill, being illThe social causes of disease Introduction Class, ill health and industrial revolution Social class and inequality Public policy approaches to inequality Mechanisms causing health inequalities by class Ethnicity and inequality Age and gender Tackling health inequalities Future prospects International health inequalities Further reading Revision questions & Extension questionsRisk, choice and lifestyle Introduction Individuals and their behaviours Risk taking and thrill seeking Risky sex and gay men Prejudice and blame Cousin marriage and congenital problems Risk and preventative medicine New risks, new diseases - we're all patients now? Risk, lifestyle medicine - what next? Further reading Revision questions & Extension questions Experiencing illness Introduction The sick role Sickness as deviance Stigma and illness Illness as failure Biographical disruption and illness narratives Autopathography Remaking lives? Further reading Revision questions & Extension questionsIll bodies in society Introduction Bodies in society Embodied illness Dualist thinking Bodies as machines Suffering bodies Impaired bodies and disability Further reading Revision & Extension questions The process of disability Introduction Disability and the life course Chronic illness, impairment and disability The social model of disability The cultural model of disability Special or universal needs Further reading Revision & Extension questions Part 3 Getting healthcare Doctor-patient relationships Introduction Self-care Appropriate consultation Compliance, co-operation, conflict Inverse care law Evidence on medical consultations Communicating across the divide Co-operation and challenge Further reading Revision & Extension questions The healthcare organization Introduction What's so special about the NHS? Socialized medicine Insurance system Pluralist socialized system Evaluating the NHS Reforming the NHS Clinical governance Medical dominance The role of the hospital Commercial and industrial interests in the NHS The context of care Further reading Revisions & extension questions Challenges to medicine Introduction Changing medical practice Disappearing doctors, disappearing patients Doctors' difficulties Regulating medicine Reform from within Non-human threats Prospects Further reading Revision & Extension questions