TY - BOOK AU - Lee, Hang. TI - Foundations of applied statistical methods SN - 9783319024011 U1 - 519.5 PY - 2014/// CY - New York PB - Springer KW - Mathematical statistics KW - Statistics KW - Research--Statistical methods N1 - Machine generated contents note: 1.1. Types of Data -- 1.2. Description of Data Pattern -- 1.2.1. Distribution -- 1.2.2. Description of Categorical Data Distribution -- 1.2.3. Description of Continuous Data Distribution -- 1.2.4. Stem-and-Leaf -- 1.3. Descriptive Statistics -- 1.3.1. Statistic -- 1.3.2. Central Tendency Descriptive Statistics for Quantitative Outcomes -- 1.3.3. Dispersion Descriptive Statistics for Quantitative Outcomes -- 1.3.4. Variance -- 1.3.5. Standard Deviation -- 1.3.6. Property of Standard Deviation After Data Transformations -- 1.3.7. Other Descriptive Statistics for Dispersion -- 1.3.8. Dispersions Among Multiple Data Sets -- 1.3.9. Caution to CV Interpretation -- 1.3.10. Box and Whisker Plot -- 1.4. Descriptive Statistics for Describing Relationships Between Two Outcomes -- 1.4.1. Linear Correlation Between Two Continuous Outcomes -- 1.4.2. Contingency Table to Describe an Association Between Two Categorical Outcomes -- 1.4.3. Odds Ratio. Contents note continued: 1.5. Two Useful Probability Distributions -- 1.5.1. Gaussian Distribution -- 1.5.2. Density Function of Gaussian Distribution -- 1.5.3. Application of Gaussian Distribution -- 1.5.4. Standard Normal Distribution -- 1.5.5. Binomial Distribution -- 1.6. Study Questions -- Bibliography -- 2.1. Population and Sample -- 2.1.1. Sampling and Non-sampling Errors -- 2.1.2. Sample- and Sampling Distributions -- 2.1.3. Standard Error -- 2.2. Statistical Inference -- 2.2.1. Data Reduction and Related Nomenclature -- 2.2.2. Central Limit Theorem -- 2.2.3. The t-Distribution -- 2.2.4. Testing Hypotheses -- 2.2.5. Accuracy and Precision -- 2.2.6. Interval Estimation and Confidence Interval -- 2.2.7. Bayesian Inference -- 2.2.8. Study Design and Its Impact to Accuracy and Precision -- 2.3. Study Questions -- Bibliography -- 3.1. Independent Samples t-Test for Comparing Two Independent Means -- 3.1.1. Independent Samples t-Test When Variances Are Unequal. Contents note continued: 3.1.2. Denominator Formulae of the Test Statistic for Independent Samples t-Test -- 3.1.3. Connection to the Confidence Interval -- 3.2. Paired Sample t-Test for Comparing Paired Means -- 3.3. Use of Excel for t-Tests -- 3.4. Study Questions -- Bibliography -- 4.1. Sums of Squares and Variances -- 4.2.F-Test -- 4.3. Multiple Comparisons and Increased Type-1 Error -- 4.4. Beyond Single-Factor ANOVA -- 4.4.1. Multi-factor ANOVA -- 4.4.2. Interaction -- 4.4.3. Repeated Measures ANOVA -- 4.4.4. Use of Excel for ANOVA -- 4.5. Study Questions -- Bibliography -- 5.1. Inference of a Single Pearson's Correlation Coefficient -- 5.1.1.Q & A Discussion -- 5.2. Linear Regression Model with One Independent Variable: Simple Regression Model -- 5.3. Simple Linear Regression Analysis -- 5.4. Linear Regression Models with Multiple Independent Variables -- 5.5. Logistic Regression Model with One Independent Variable: Simple Logistic Regression Model. Contents note continued: 5.6. Consolidation of Regression Models -- 5.6.1. General and Generalized Linear Models -- 5.6.2. Multivariate Analyses and Multivariate Model -- 5.7. Application of Linear Models with Multiple Independent Variables -- 5.8. Worked Examples of General and Generalized Linear Modes -- 5.8.1. Worked Example of a General Linear Model -- 5.8.2. Worked Example of a Generalized Linear Model (Logistic Model) Where All Multiple Independent Variables Are Dummy Variables -- 5.9. Study Questions -- Bibliography -- 6.1.Comparing Two Proportions Using 2x2 Contingency Table -- 6.1.1. Chi-Square Test for Comparing Two Independent Proportions -- 6.1.2. Fisher's Exact Test -- 6.1.3.Comparing Two Proportions in Paired Samples -- 6.2. Normal Distribution Assumption-Free Rank-Based Methods for Comparing Distributions of Continuous Outcomes -- 6.2.1. Permutation Test -- 6.2.2. Wilcoxon's Rank Sum Test -- 6.2.3. Kruskal-Wallis Test -- 6.2.4. Wilcoxon's Signed Rank Test. Contents note continued: 6.3. Linear Correlation Based on Ranks -- 6.4. About Nonparametric Methods -- 6.5. Study Questions -- Bibliography -- 7.1. Censored Observations -- 7.2. Probability of Survival Longer Than Certain Duration -- 7.3. Statistical Comparison of Two Survival Distributions with Censoring -- 7.4. Study Question -- Bibliography -- 8.1. Sample Size for Interval Estimation of a Single Mean -- 8.2. Sample Size for Hypothesis Tests -- 8.2.1. Sample Size for Comparing Two Means Using Independent Samples z- and t-Tests -- 8.2.2. Sample Size for Comparing Two Proportions -- 8.3. Study Questions -- Bibliography -- 9.1. Review Exercise 1 -- 9.2. Review Exercise 2 -- 9.2.1. Part A (30 Points): Questions 1-15 "True/False" Questions, Please Explain/Criticize Why If You Chose to Answer False (2 Points Each) -- 9.2.2. Part B (15 Points): Questions 16.1-16.3 -- 9.2.3. Part C (15 Points): Questions 17-19 -- 9.2.4. Part D (10 Points): Questions 20-21 -- 9.2.5. Part E (5 Points): Question 22. Contents note continued: 9.2.6. Part F (20 Points): Questions 23-26 ER -