Drinking water quality/
Gray,N.F.
- 2nd ed
- Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
- xvi, 520 p
Part I Introduction to water supply 1 The water business 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Water consumption 1.3 Acceptable water quality 1.4 Water utilities 1.5 Water conservation 1.6 Conclusions References 2 Drinking water standards and risk 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Development of quality standards 2.3 Risk assessment in the development of health-based targets 2.4 Water safety plans 2.5 Drinking water standards 2.6 Conclusions References 3 A quick guide to drinking water problems 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The problems 3.3 Conclusions References Part 11 Problems with the resource 4 Sources of water 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The water cycle 4.3 Surface waters: lakes, reservoirs and rivers 4.4 Groundwater sources 4.5 Other sources of water 4.6 Conclusions References 5 Nitrate and nitrite ^ 5.1 Sources in water 5.2 Water quality standards 5.3 Effect on consumers 5.4 Nitrate in groundwaters 5.5 Nitrate in surface waters 5.6 Control of high-nitrate water 5.7 Conclusions References 6 Pesticides and organic micro-pollutants 6.1 Organic micro-pollutants 6.2 Pesticides 6.3 Industrial solvents 6.4 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 6.5 Removal of organic contaminants from drinking water 6.6 Conclusions ^ References 7 Endocrine-disrupting compounds and PPCPs 7.1 Introduction and definitions 7.2 Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) 7.3 Oestrogen and fertility 7.4 Conclusions References 8 Odour and taste 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Standards and assessment 8.3 Classification 8.4 Odour-causing substances of natural origin 8.5 Man-made odour-causing substances 8.6 Conclusions References 9 Metals 9.1 Iron 9.2 Manganese 9.3 Arsenic 9.4 Other metals 9.5 Removal by treatment 9.6 Conclusions References 10 Hardness and total dissolved solids 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Chemistry of hardness 10.3 Standards 10.4 Health aspects 10.5 Conclusions References 11 Algae and algal toxins 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Problems associated with algae 11.3 Standards 11.4 Treatment 11.5 Conclusions References 12 Radon and radioactivity 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Radon 12.3 Non-radon radionuclides 12.4 Standards and treatment 12.5 Conclusions References 13 Pathogens 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Protozoa 13.3 Viruses 13.4 Bacteria 13.5 Unusual sources of contamination 13.6 Conclusions References Part III Problems arising from water treatment 14 Water treatment 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Unit processes 14.3 Process selection 14.4 How problems arise 14.5 Conclusions References 15 Aluminium and acrylamide 15.1 Aluminium 15.2 Acrylamide 15.3 Conclusions References 16 Odour and taste 16.1 Source of odour and taste problems 16.2 Removing odoui"s and tastes 16.3 Conclusions References 17 Fluoridation 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Fluoride addition 17.3 Fluoridation and health 17.4 Fluoridation and public opinion 17.5 Who is at risk 17.6 Conclusions References 18 Disinfection by-products 18.1 Formation 18.2 Standards 18.3 Health risks 18.4 Prevention of by-product formation 18.5 Conclusions References 19 Monitoring and removal of pathogens 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Monitoring pathogens 19.3 Measurement and standards 19.4 Heterolrophic plate counts 19.5 Removal of pathogens 19.6 Disinfection 19.7 Conclusions References Part IV Problems arising in the distribution net^vork 20 The distribution network 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Ser\ ice reservoirs 20.3 Water mains 20.4 Ser\'ice pipes 20.5 Conclusions References 21 Aesthetic quality 21.1 Odour and taste 21.2 Discolouration and iron 21.3 Sediment and turbidity 21.4 Conclusions References 22 Asbestos 22.1 The nature of asbestos 22.2 Health effects and standards 22.3 Asbestos cement distribution pipes 22.4 Conclusions References 23 Coal-tar linings and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Conclusions References 24 Animals on tap 24.1 Microbial slimes in distribution pipes 24.2 Water supplies 24.3 Common species and remedial measures 24.4 Sampling water mains for animals 24.5 Microbial pathogens and invertebrates 24.6 Conclusions References 25 Pathogens in the distribution system 25.1 Introduetion 25.2 Microbial contamination 25.3 Control 25.4 Drinking water security 25.5 Conclusions References Part V Problems in household plumbing systems 26 Household plumbing systems 26.1 F.ntiy to the home 26.2 Plumbing systems / 26.3 Water Byelaws and regulations 26.4 Conclusions References 27 Corrosion and metal contamination from pipework and fittings 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Corrosion 27.3 Lead 27.4 Copper 27.5 Zinc 27.6 Conclusions References 28 Micro-organisms, fibres and taste 28.1 Micro-organisms in plumbing systems 28.2 Fibres, including asbestos 28.3 Odour and taste 28.4 Conclusions References Part VI The water we drink 29 Alternatives to tap water 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Bottled water 29.3 Point-of-use water treatment 29.4 Water harvesting 29.5 Conclusions References 30 Water security in the twenty-first century 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Vulnerability assessment 30.3 Developing security plans 30.4 The emergency response plan 30.5 Conclusions References 31 Final analysis 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Complaints 31.3 Public perception of drinking water quality 31.4 The quality of drinking water 31.5 Water usage and conservation 31.6 Water conflict 31.7 Drinking water in developing countries 31.8 Conclusions References