TY - BOOK ED - International Labour Organization. TI - Freedom of association: digest of decisions and principles of the freedom of association committee of the governing body of the ILO SN - 9221190315 U1 - 344.0188 PY - 2006/// CY - Geneva PB - International Labour Organization KW - Labor unions Law and legislation Digests KW - Freedom of association Digests N1 - 1 Procedure in respect of the Committee on Freedom of Association and the social partners ............................ ............... 1-29 Function of the ILO and mandate of the Committee on Freedom of Association 1-14 Fundamental obligations of member States in respect of human and trade union rights . .... . . . . . ............. ... ...... .. . ....... . ..15-23 Obligations of governments relating to the procedure of the Committee on Freedom of Association ........................... 24-25 The functions of organizations of workers and of employers ............... 26-29 2 Trade union rights and civil liberties . . I ........................................................... 3 0 -2 0 8 General principles ...... . . ... .. . .... .. . . . . . .. . .... ..... ... 30-41 Right to life, security and the physical and moral integrity of the person ..... 42-60 Arrest and detention of trade unionists ..... ............. ................ 61-75 Preventive detention . .... ........ .. ... . . . . . . . ..... ... . .76-82 Detention during a state of emergency ...... ........... ... ............ 83-86 System of education through labour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . 87-88 Special bodies and summary procedures ............................... 89-90 Internment in psychiatric hospitals ................. . .. .... ........ 91 Bringing of charges and sentencing of trade unionists to imprisonment ...... 92-95 Guarantee of due process of law .. ............... .. .... ........... 96-120 Freedom of m ovem ent .......... ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .. . 121-129 Rights of assembly and demonstration ............ ..... ... ....... . . . ..... 130-153 A. Meetings of organizations in their premises and in relation to labour disputes .............. . . . . . . . . .. 130-132 B. Public meetings and demonstrations ........................... 133-151 C. International trade union meetings ........ . ...... ......... ... 152-153 Freedom of opinion and expression .................. .... ......... .... 154-173 A. General principles .... . . . . . . . . . . .............. ........ . . . . . ... . 154-163 B. Authorization and censorship of publications ... .......... . ... 164-168 C. Publications of apolitical character ............... . ......... 169-171 D. Seizure ofpublications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ . 172-173 Freedom of speech at the International Labour Conference ................ 174 Protection against disclosure of information on trade union membership and activities .............................. 175-177 Protection of trade union premises and property ......................... 178-192 State of emergency and the exercise of trade union rights .................. 193-204 Questions of a political nature affecting trade union rights ................. 205-208 3 Right of workers and employers, without distinction whatsoever, to establish and to join organizations ............................. 209-271 G eneral principle . . . . . ... . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Distinctions based on race, political opinion or nationality ................ 210-215 Distinctions based on occupational category . ............. ............. 216-270 A. General principles ................ . ....... . . . . . . . . . . 216-217 B. Public servants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..... ..... . 218-238 (a) Members of the armed forces and the police ................... 223-226 (b) Civilian staff in the armed forces .................... ....... .. 227-229 (c) Local public service employees ................................. 230 (d) Firefighters ............................................. 231 (e) Prison staff ......... ........ ................. ... . ...... 232 (f) Customs officials ......... . . ... . . ............. . . . . . . . . ... 233 (g) Employees in the labour inspectorate ....................... 234 (h) Teachers ............................................... 235-237 (i) Locally recruited personnel in embassies ..... ............... 238 C. Security agents . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ................... .... 239-240 D. Agricultural workers . . . . . ..... . ........ . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . 241-242 E. Plantation workers . . . . ....... . . . . . . ... .......... . . .... . 243 F. Employees of airlines . . . ............ . . . . . ........... . . . . .. 244 G. Port workers .......... . . . . . ........ . . .... . .. . . ........... 245 H. Hospital personnel ................. . .... ............. .... . 246 I. Managerial and supervisory staff ................. ....... ... 247-253 J. Self-employed workers in the liberal professions ............... 254 K. Temporary workers ............................... .......... 255 L. Workers undergoing a period of work probation ................ 256-257 M. Workers hired under training contracts ...................... 258-259 N. Persons working under community participation programmes intended to combat unemployment ............................. 260 0. Workers in cooperatives ................... ................... 261-262 Paragraph(s) P. Distributors and sales agents . . . . . . . . . ....... . ........... . ... . 263 Q. Workers in export processing zones ................. ......... 264-266 R. Domestic workers ............... . . .......................... 267 S. Workers who have been dismissed .............................. 268-269 T. Retired workers . .. . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . ............. . . . . 270 Other distinctions . . . . ... .. . . ...... .............. . .... .... .... 271 4 Right of workers and employers to establish organizations without previous authorization ....... ...... .. ................... 272-308 Requirement of previous authorization . ............ ... ............ 272-274 Legal formalities for the establishment of organizations .................... . 275-278 Requirements for the establishment of organizations (minimum number of members, etc.) ..... .. ...... ............. . ... 279-293 Registration of organizations . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ...... ...... ........ . .. 294-308 5 Right of workers and employers to establish and join organizations of their own choosing ........................................... . 309-368 General principles .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. ........ . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... 309-310 Trade union unity and pluralism . . . . ...... . ............. . . . . .. 311-332 Freedom of choice of trade union structure ............................ 333-337 Sanctions imposed for attempting to establish organizations ............... 338 Favouritism or discrimination in respect of particular organizations ......... 339-345 Admissible privileges for most representative unions ................... 346-359 Right to join organizations freely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360-362 Union security clauses . .. . . .. . . ... .. . . .. . . . ..... ....... . . . . 363-368 6 Right of organizations to draw up their constitutions and rules S.. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 9 -3 8 7 Legislation on the subject and interference by the authorities .............. 369-383 Model constitutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .. . ... . . . . . . . ........ . 384 Racial discrim ination .................. . ................. . . . . . . ........ . ... . 385 Relations between first-level trade unions and higher-level organizations ..... 386-387 "7 Right of organizations to elect their representatives in full freedom S.General principles. . . . ................... ................... ........ . . . . . . . . . . 388-453 General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . .... . 388-391 Electoral procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392-404 Eligibility conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405-42 A. Racial discrimination ................... ............... . . . . . . 40( B. Employment in the occupation or enterprise ...................... 407-41: C. Duration of membership of the organization ........ ........ .... 413-41Z D. Political opinions or activities ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 415-41f E. Moral standing of candidates for office .......................... 415 F. N ationality ................................................ 42( G. Criminal record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421-424 H. Re-election . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 425-42( Obligation to participate in ballots ................. .. .................. 427-42E Intervention by the authorities in trade union elections ............... ... 429-43S Challenges to trade union elections .................................... 440-442 Removal of executive committees and the placing of trade unions under control 444-452 8 Right of organizations to organize their administration . 454-494 General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454-455 Internal administration of organizations ...... ... ......... .. .. ... .... 456-460 Control over the internal activities of organizations ...................... .. 461-465 Financial administration of organizations .......................... .. 466-494 A. Financial independence in respect of the public authorities .......... 466-472 B. Union dues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. 473-484 C. Control and restrictions on the use of trade union funds ........... 485-494 9 Right of organizations freely to organize their activities and to formulate their programmes ............................... 495-519 General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . . . . . . . . 495-496 Political activities and relations .......... . . . .................... . . 497-507 Other activities of trade union organizations (protest activities, sit-ins, public demonstrations, etc.) ..................... 508-519 10 Right to strike u . i g 4 9 .. . . . . . . .. . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520-676 Importance of the right to strike and its legitimate exercise ................. 520-525 Objective of the strike (strikes on economic and social issues, political strikes, solidarity strikes, etc.) .. ............................ .. 526-544 Types of strike action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 545-546 Prerequisites ... . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . .. 547-563 Recourse to compulsory arbitration ..................... . ...... ..... 564-569 Cases in which strikes may be restricted or even prohibited, and compensatory guarantees ......................................... .570-603 A. Acute national emergency .. ... .......................... . 570-571 B. Public service ................. ................... ........... . 572-580 C. Essential services .............................. . ...... * ..... 581-594 D. Compensatory guarantees in the event of the prohibition of strikes in the public service or in essential services ............ . ....... . 595-603 Situations in which a minimum service may be imposed to guarantee the safety of persons and equipment (minimum safety service) .............. 604-605 Situations and conditions under which a minimum operational service could be required ... ...... ........ . ... . . . .. . ..... .. ... ...... ..... . . 606-614 Examples of when the Committee has considered that the conditions were met for requiring a minimum operational service ............... ............. 615-626 Non-compliance with a minimum service ................. . .. .......... ... 627 Responsibility for declaring a strike illegal .................................. 628-631 Back-to-work orders, the hiring of workers during a strike, requisitioning orders ................ .................. . . ............. 632-639 Interference by the authorities during the course of the strike ............... 640-641 Police intervention during the course of the strike ............... ....... 642-647 Pickets ............. . . . ................... .......... .. ....... .. . 648-653 Wage deductions ................... . ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654-657 Sanctions ........................ . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 658-674 A. In the event of a legitimate strike ................... ........... 658-666 B. Cases of abuse while exercising the right to strike ................. 667-670 C. In cases of peaceful strikes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . ... 671-673 D. Large-scale sanctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . .. 674 Discrimination in favour of non-strikers ........... . .. ..... ... .......... 675 Closure of enterprises in the event of a strike . . .. ......... . ............. 676 11 Dissolution and suspension of organizations General principles ....... .... . ......... .......... . . . .. . ...... ... .. .. .. 677-678 Voluntary dissolution ..... . ........ .. . ................ ......... . .. . . 679 Dissolution on account of insufficient membership ................. ...... 680-682 Dissolution and suspension by administrative authority ................. . 683-684 Cancellation of registration or trade union status ....................... 685-689 Dissolution by legislative measures ......................... ...... ... 690-691 Reasons for dissolution ......... .... ..................... . . . . . . . ....... 692-698 Intervention by the judicial authorities .......................... ....... . 699-705 12 Right of employers' and workers' organizations to establish 12 federations and confederations and to affiliate with international organizations of employers and workers ........................ Establishment of federations and confederations ............ . ,.. ......... Affiliation with federations and confederations ......................... Rights of federations and confederations ................... . .......... Affiliation with international organizations of workers and employers ....... A. General principles .......................................... B. Intervention by the public authorities ........................... C. Consequences of international affiliation ........................ Participation in ILO meetings ................. ................. ..... 13 Protection against anti-union discrimination ......... ..... ....................... G eneral principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . Workers protected . . . . ... . . . .. . . . .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Forms of discrimination ..... ......... . . .. .. .. .............. . . . . . A. General principles .. .... .... ........ ........ . . . . . . . . ..... B. Discrimination in relation to hiring ................................ C. Discrimination during employment ............................ D. Discriminatory dismissal .......... . . . ... ........ ........ Trade union leaders and representatives ........... .. . .... ......... A. General principles ........ ..... .... ... ................... ... B. Blacklists . . . . . .. . . ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Dismissal of trade union leaders . ...... . . . ...... ......... . Need for rapid and effective protection ................. . . .... .. . . Reinstatement of trade unionists in their jobs ........... ............... . Discrimination against employers ................... .. .............. .. 14/ Protection against J acts of interference ................... ................. ...... G eneral principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................. Solidarist or other associations .................. . ...................... A. Definition ................... ................... ......... . . B. Safeguards to prevent associations from carrying out trade union activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................... 1 5Collective bargaining The right to bargain collectively - General principles ................. Workers covered by collective bargaining ........................... Subjects covered by collective bargaining .... . .......... ........... The principle of free and voluntary negotiation ....................... Mechanisms to facilitate collective bargaining .. ... ................ The principle of bargaining in good faith ............ ... ......... Collective bargaining with representatives of non-unionized workers .... Recognition of the most representative organizations ......................... Determination of the trade union(s) entitled to negotiate .............. Rights of m inority unions * ....................................... Determination of employers' organizations entitled to negotiate ........ Representation of organizations in the collective bargaining process ..... Level of bargaining . ............... . .............. . . . . . ........... Restrictions on the principle of free and voluntary bargaining ......... A. Compulsory arbitration .... .... .... ..... ...... .. ......... B. Intervention by the authorities in collective bargaining ......... (a) G eneral principles ................... ............... . . (b) The drafting of collective agreements .. . ........ ....... (c) Administrative approval of freely concluded collective agreemer and the national economic policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... (d) Administrative interventions which require the renegotiation of existing collective agreements ................... ...... (e) Compulsory extension of the period for which collective agreem are in force .. . . . . . . . .......................... . . . (f) Restrictions imposed by the authorities on future collective bargail (g) Restrictions on clauses to index wages to the cost of living ..... (h) Budgetary powers and collective bargaining ................ (i) Other forms of intervention by the authorities ............... Time-limits for bargaining ............... .. .. ............ ....... ...... Duration of collective agreements ................................... Extension of collective agreements . ..... ........... ................. Relationship between individual employment contracts and collective agreem( Incentives to workers to give up the right to collective bargaining ........ Closure of the enterprise and application of the collective agreement ..... Relationship between ILO Conventions ............... ............... 16 Consultation with the organizations of workers and employers .............. ..................... General orincinles Consultation and processes of restructuring, rationalization and staff redi Consultation concerning the bargaining process ..................... Consultations on the redistribution of the assets of trade unions which have been dissolved . .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... 17 Participation of organizations of workers and employers in various bodies and procedures ......................... 18 Facilities for workers' representatives G eneral principles ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ..... Collection of dues . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ........ .............. Access to the management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................... . Access to the workplace ................. ... .. . ............... ... Free time accorded to workers' representatives .......... ............ Facilities on plantations .... .. . .. ... .... ............ .... . . .. . 9 Conflicts within the trade union movement ER -