TY  - BOOK
AU  - Fox, Louise.
AU  - Gaal, Melissa Sekkel.
TI  - Working out of poverty: job creation and the quality of growth in Africa
SN  - 9780821374429
U1  - 331.12096 
PY  - 2008///
CY  - Washington
PB  - World Bank
KW  - Job creation -- Africa
KW  - Labor supply -- Africa
KW  - Labor market -- Africa
KW  - Africa -- Economic conditions
N1  - WORKING OUT OF POVERTY: JOB CREATION AND THE 
QUALITY OF GROWTH IN AFRICA
 
INTRODUCTION	1
1. Context: the economic environment for job creation	4
DEMOGRAPHICS	5
WAGE AND SALARY EMPLOYMENT	5
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF GDP	7
STRUCTURAL SHIFTS WITHIN WAGE AND SALARY EMPLOYMENT	10
2. Constraints: the missing private sector demand	12
INVESTMENT CLIMATE	13
WAGE FLEXIBILITY	15
LABOR FLEXIBILITY	17
3. Conditions: the state of the African labor force	21
EDUCATION	21
Impact on growth	25
The returns to education	25
Other approaches to addressing the skills deficit	28
HEALTH	31
CHILD LABOR	33
4. Consequences: the growth of the informal sector	36
5. Conclusion: the prospects for better outcomes	43
References	45
List of Tables
Table 1: Percent of the population living on less than $1 a day, by region	1
Table 2: Growth of the labor force, wage and salary employment, and GDP per capita in selected African countries	6
Table 3: Indicators of labor flexibility, by region	17
Table 4: Implied returns to education in selected African countries	26
Table 5: Estimated life expectancy at birth in Sub-Saharan Africa and other regions, by gender, 2000-05 and 2010-15	31
Table 6: Informal sector share of labor force by area	38
Table 7: Labor force by sector and rural/urban, ages 10 and above	38
Table 8: Estimated average annual growth in earnings by sector of employment	41
List of Figures
Figure 1: Major Obstacles Facing African Firms	14
Figure 2: Women without education, national % and rural-urban gap in % points.	23
Figure 3: Percentage of children completing primary education, by gender and household income	24
List of Boxes
Box 1: Translating common labor concepts to conditions in Africa	3
Box 2: Most African countries did not realize high growth rates 1995-2006	8
Box 3: Definitions and classification of the informal sector	37
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication
ER  -