NGOs and protection of human rights Rajni Malhotra Dhingra

Includes bibliography and index

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Classification of NCOs
1.1.1 Operational or Grassroots Human Rights NGOs
1.1.2 Support NGOs
1.1.3 Umbrella or Network NGOs
1.1.4 Funding NGOs
1.2 Nature and Characteristics of NGOs
1.3 Significance of NGOs
1.3.1 Significance of NGOs: The Vienna Declaration
1.3.2 Significance of NGOs: The Paris Declaration
1.3.3 Golden Jubilee Conunemorative
Session of United Nations and Significance of NGOs
1.4 Reason for the Increasing Significance of NGOs
2. FUNCTIONS OF NGOs AND RECENT TRENDS IN
THE HUMAN RIGHTS NGOs MOVEMENT
2.1 Functions of Human Rights NGOs
2.1.1 Lobbying National and International Authorities
2.1.2 Influencing Human Rights Foreign Policies
2.1.3 Information Gathering, Evaluation and Dissemination
2.1.4 NGOs as Advocates
2.1.3 Legal Aid, Scientific Experti.se and Humanitarian Assistance
2.1.6 Education, Conscientization or Empowerment
2.1.7 Building Solidarity
2.1.8 Rendering Services in the Area of Social Rights
2.1.9 Keeping Open the Political System
2.1.10 NGOs as Innovators
2.1.11 NGOs as Networkers
2.1.12 NGOs as Critics
2.1.13 NGOs as Partners
2.1.14 NGOs as Intermediators
2.1.15 Lissner Description: Role of NGOs
2.2 Recent Trends in the Human Rights NGOs
2.2.1 The Shift from Promotion to Protection
2.2.2 The Involvement of Scientific and Professional Associates
3. NGOs AND THE UNITED NATIONS
3.1 Status for NGOs within the United Nations
3.2 UN Specialised Agencies and NGOs
3.2.1 UNESCO
3.2.2 ILO
3.3 The Conference of NGOs in Consultative Status (CONGO)
3.4 Action of NGOs within the United Nations
3.5 Procedure adopted by NGOs.
3.6 Amnesty International and Position of
Human Rights in Indja
3.6.1 Functions
3.6.2 Have Terrorists Taken Over Amnesty?
4. EVOLUTION OF NGOs: A GLIMPSE
4.1 Origin and Development
4.1.1 Phase One (1800-1850)
4.1.2 Phase Two (1851-1900)
4.1.3 Phase Three (1901-1947)
4.1.4 Plm.se Four (1948-1966)
4.1.3 Plmse Five (1967-1973)
4.1.6 Plmse Six (1976-1980)
4.1.7 Phase Seven (1981 Onwards)
4.2 Government Interaction with NGOs
5. ROLE OF NGOs IN THE PROMOTION
AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS:
INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
3.1 Role of People's Union for Civil Liberties
(PUCL) in the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
3.2 Role of Common Cause in the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
5.3 Role of People's Union for Democratic
Rights (PUDR) in the Promotion and
Protection of Human Rights
6. EVOLUTION AND EVALUATION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS NGOs IN PUNJAB
6.1 Role of Association for Demm ratio Rights
(AFDR) in the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
6.1.1 Establishment of AFDR
6.1.2 Nature of the Organisation
6.1.3 Aims and Objectives
6.1.4 Methodology
6.1.5 Constitution of AFDR
6.1.6 Membership and Internal Structure
6.1.7 Funds
6.1.8 Reports and Action Taken by AFDR
6.2 Role of PHRO in the Promotion and
Protection of Human Rights
6.2.1 Establishment of PHRO
6.2.2 Nature of the Organisation
6.2.3 Aims and Objectives
6.2.4 Membership and Internal Structure
6.2.5 Funds
6.2.6 Methodology
6.2.7 Report and Action Taken by PHRO
6..3 Comparative evaluataion of' NGOs Working in Punjab
BARRIER IN THE COURSE OF THE STRUGGLE OF NGOs
7.1 Survival
7.1.1 Freedom ot Association
7.1.2 Physical Risks
7.1.2.1 Misuse of Law against NGOs Activists
7.1.2.2 111-Treatment
7.1.2.3 Police Firing
7.1.2.4 Disappearanees
7.1..3 Funding Problem or Problem to Generate Funds
7.1.3.1 Problem of Grants-in-Aid Program
7.1..3.1.1 Insufficient Grant
7.1.3.1.2 Irregularity of Grants
7.1.3.1.3 Problem of Suspension and Discontinuation of Grants
7.1.3.1.4 Other Problems
7.1.3.2 Problems Relating Foreign Funding
7.1.3.3 Problem-relating Local Resources
7.2 Relevance and Legitimacy
7.2.1 Attempt of Discredit the Work of Human Rights NGOs
7.2.2 Confronting the Structural Causes of Violations
7.3 Efficacy
7.3.1 Problem of Staff Recruitment
7.3.2 Sharing of Information and Solidarity Building
7.3.3 Training and Professionalisation
7.3.4 Access to the International Human
Rights System
7.3.5 ApcUh\ of the People
7.3.6 Apathy of Media
7.3.7 Support for Research and Reflection
on Strategies and Tactics
7.4 Some Other Problems
8. HUMAN RIGHTS NGOs:
A CRITICAL EVALUATION
8.1 Mi.suse of Funds
8.2 Fictitious or Fake NGOs
8.3 Frecjuent Changes in Priorities
8.4 Desire of Empire Building
8..5 Doubt about their Credibility, Accountability
and Transparency
8.6 Lack of Coordination
8.7 Spatial Limitation
8.8 Monopolization of Leadership
8.9 Lack of Public Participation
8.10 Inability to Reach the Poorest
8.11 Reactive in Nature
9. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
9.1 Suggestions
9.1.1 Inspiration
9.1.2 Leadership
9.1.3 Legitimacy
9.1.4 Funding
9.1.5 Linkage
9.1.5.1 Enabling Linkages
9.1.5.2 Functional Linkages
9.1.5.3 Collegial Linkages
9.1.5.4 Diffuse Linkages
9.2 Education for the Staff of Human Rights NGOs
9.3 Continuous Monitoring rather than
Crisis-orientation