Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: A Practical Guide

Preface Acknowledgments Section 1 THE FUNDAMENTALS OF GC/MS 1 Introduction and History 2 Gas Chromatography 3 The GC/MS Interface 4 Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation 5 Mass Spectral Data Interpretation 6 Quantitation with GC/MS Section 2 GC CONDITIONS, DERIVATIZATION, AND MASS SPECTRAL INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFIC COMPOUND TYPES 7 Acids 8 Alcohols 9 Aldehydes 10 Amides 11 Amines 12 Amino Acids 13 Common Contaminants 14 Drugs and Their Metabolites 15 Esters 16 Ethers 17 Fluorinated Compounds 18 Gases 19 Glycols 20 Halogenated Compounds (Other Than Fluorinated Compounds) 21 Hydrocarbons 22 Isocyanates 23 Ketones 24 Nitriles 25 Nitroaromatics 26 Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds 27 Nucleosides (TMS Derivatives) 28 Pesticides 29 Phenols 30 Phosphorus Compounds 31 Plasticizers and Other Polymer Additives (Including Phthalates) 32 Prostaglandins (MO-TMS Derivatives) 33 Solvents and Their Impurities 34 Steroids 35 Sugars (Monosaccharides) 36 Sulfur Compounds Section 3 APPENDICES Appendix A Definitions of Terms Related to Gas Chromatography Appendix B Definitions of Terms Related to Mass Spectrometry Appendix C Atomic Masses and Isotope Abundances and Other Information for the Determination of an Elemental Composition from Isotope Peak Intensity Ratios Appendix D X+1 and X+2 Values for Ions Containing Atoms of C and H Based on Isotope Contributions Appendix E Isotope Peak Patterns for Ions Containing Atoms of Cl and/or Br Appendix F Steps to Follow in the Determination of an Elemental Composition Based on Isotope Peak Intensity Ratios Appendix G Derivatization in GC/MS Appendix H Points of Comparison of LC/MS vs GC/MS Appendix I List of Available EI Mass Spectral Databases Appendix J Information Required for Reporting a GC/MS Analysis Appendix K Third-Party Software for Use with GC/MS Appendix L GC Installation and Maintenance Appendix M Troubleshooting Common GC Problems Appendix N Maintenance, Operating Tips, and Troubleshooting for Mass Spectrometers Appendix O Mixtures for Determining Mass Spectral Resolution Appendix P Cross-Index Chart for GC Stationary Phases Appendix Q Ions for Determining Unknown Structures Index