Astrophysical concepts/ Martin Harwit.
Material type:
TextSeries: Astronomy and astrophysics libraryPublication details: New York : Springer, c2006Edition: 4th edDescription: xvi, 714 p. : ill. ; 24 cmISBN: 0387329439Subject(s): Astrophysics | Astrofysica | AstrofísicaDDC classification: 523.01 | Item type | Current library | Call number | Status | Date due | Barcode | Item holds |
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General Books
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Central Library, Sikkim University | 523.01 HAR/A (Browse shelf(Opens below)) | Available | 46449 |
1 An Approach to Astrophysics 1 --
1:1 Channels for Astronomical Information 3 --
1:2 X-Ray Astronomy: Development of a New Field 5 --
1:3 The Appropriate Set of Physical Laws 9 --
1:4 The Formation of Stars 10 --
1:5 The Hertzsprung-Russell and Color-Magnitude Diagrams 12 --
1:6 The Birth of Low-Mass Stars 15 --
1:7 Massive Stars 18 --
1:8 The Late Stages of Stellar Evolution 18 --
1:9 Abundance of the Chemical Elements in Stars and the Solar System 24 --
1:10 Origin of the Solar System 29 --
1:11 The Galaxy and the Local Group 36 --
1:12 The Formation of Large-Scale Structures 38 --
1:13 Black Holes 42 --
1:14 Magnetohydrodynamics and Turbulence 43 --
1:15 Problems of Life 44 --
1:16 Unobserved Astronomical Objects 45 --
2 The Cosmic Distance Scale 53 --
2:1 Size of the Solar System 53 --
2:2 Trigonometric Parallax 54 --
2:3 Spectroscopic Parallax 54 --
2:4 Superposition of Main Sequences 54 --
2:5 RR Lyrae Variables 56 --
2:6 Cepheid Variables 56 --
2:7 Novae and HII Regions 57 --
2:8 Supernovae 57 --
2:9 The Tully-Fisher and Faber-Jackson Relations 57 --
2:10 Distance-Red-Shift Relation 58 --
2:11 Distances and Velocities 60 --
2:12 Seeliger's Theorem and Number Counts in Cosmology 60 --
Problems Dealing with the Size of Astronomical Objects 63 --
3 Dynamics and Masses of Astronomical Bodies 67 --
3:1 Universal Gravitational Attraction 67 --
3:2 Ellipses and Conic Sections 70 --
3:3 Central Force 71 --
3:4 Two-Body Problem with Attractive Force 72 --
3:5 Kepler's Laws 73 --
3:6 Determination of the Gravitational Constant 77 --
3:7 The Concept of Mass 80 --
3:8 Inertial Frames of Reference --
The Equivalence Principle 82 --
3:9 Gravitational Red Shift and Time Dilation 83 --
3:10 Measures of Time 84 --
3:11 Uses of Pulsar Time 86 --
3:12 Galactic Rotation 86 --
3:13 Scattering in an Inverse Square Law Field 88 --
3:14 Stellar Drag 90 --
3:15 Virial Theorem 92 --
3:16 Stability Against Tidal Disruption 94 --
3:17 Lagrangian Equations 96 --
4 Random Processes 105 --
4:1 Random Events 105 --
4:2 Random Walk 106 --
4:3 Distribution Functions, Probabilities, and Mean Values 111 --
4:4 Projected Length of Randomly Oriented Rods 112 --
4:5 The Motion of Molecules 115 --
4:6 Ideal Gas Law 118 --
4:7 Radiation Kinetics 120 --
4:8 Isothermal Distributions 121 --
4:9 Atmospheric Density 122 --
4:10 Particle Energy Distribution in an Atmosphere 123 --
4:11 Phase Space 126 --
4:12 Angular Diameters of Stars 128 --
4:13 The Spectrum of Light Inside and Outside a Hot Body 129 --
4:14 Boltzmann Equation and Liouville's Theorem 136 --
4:15 Fermi-Dirac Statistics 138 --
4:16 The Saha Equation 141 --
4:17 Mean Values 142 --
4:18 Fluctuations 143 --
4:19 The First Law of Thermodynamics 144 --
4:20 Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes 146 --
4:21 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 147 --
4:22 Formation of Condensations and the Stability of the Interstellar Medium 148 --
4:23 Ionized Gases and Clusters of Stars and Galaxies 150 --
5 Photons and Fast Particles 157 --
5:1 The Relativity Principle 157 --
5:2 Relativistic Terminology 158 --
5:3 Relative Motion 162 --
5:4 Four-Vectors 167 --
5:5 Aberration of Light 169 --
5:6 Momentum, Mass, and Energy 170 --
5:7 The Doppler Effect 173 --
5:8 Poynting-Robertson Drag on a Grain 174 --
5:9 Motion Through the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation 175 --
5:10 Particles at High Energies 178 --
5:11 High-Energy Collisions 179 --
5:12 Superluminal Motions and Tachyons 181 --
5:13 Strong Gravitational Fields 183 --
5:14 Gravitational Time Delay; Deflection of Light 187 --
5:15 Gravitational Lenses 189 --
5:16 An Independent Measure of the Hubble Constant 190 --
5:17 Orbital Motion Around a Black Hole 191 --
5:18 Advance of the Perihelion of Mercury 195 --
5:19 Accretion Disks Around X-ray Binaries 196 --
5:20 The Smallest Conceivable Volume 198 --
5:21 The Zeroth Law of Black Hole Dynamics 199 --
5:22 Entropy and Temperature of a Black Hole 199 --
5:23 The Third Law of Black Hole Thermodynamics 200 --
5:24 Radiating Black Holes 201 --
6 Electromagnetic Processes in Space 205 --
6:1 Coulomb's Law and Dielectric Displacement 205 --
6:2 Cosmic Magnetic Fields 207 --
6:3 Ohm's Law and Dissipation 209 --
6:4 Magnetic Acceleration of Particles 209 --
6:5 Ampere's Law and the Relation Between Cosmic Currents and Magnetic Fields 211 --
6:6 Magnetic Mirrors, Magnetic Bottles, and Cosmic-Ray Particles 211 --
6:7 Maxwell's Equations 214 --
6:8 The Wave Equation 215 --
6:9 Phase and Group Velocity 217 --
6:10 Energy Density, Pressure, and the Poynting Vector 218 --
6:11 Propagation of Waves Through a Tenuous Ionized Medium 220 --
6:12 Faraday Rotation 223 --
6:13 Light Emission by Slowly Moving Charges 226 --
6:14 Gravitational Radiation 231 --
6:15 Light Scattering by Unbound Charges 232 --
6:16 Scattering by Bound Charges 234 --
6:17 Extinction by Interstellar Grains 236 --
6:18 Absorption and Emission of Radiation by a Plasma 237 --
6:19 Radiation from Thermal Radio Sources 241 --
6:20 Synchrotron Radiation 244 --
6:21 The Synchrotron Radiation Spectrum 246 --
6:22 The Compton Effect and Inverse Compton Effect 250 --
6:23 The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect 254 --
6:24 The Cherenkov Effect 255 --
6:25 The Angular Distribution of Light from the Sky 257 --
7 Quantum Processes in Astrophysics 265 --
7:1 Absorption and Emission of Radiation by Atomic Systems 265 --
7:2 Quantization of Atomic Systems 266 --
7:3 Atomic Hydrogen and Hydrogenlike Spectra 269 --
7:4 Spectra of Ionized Hydrogen 277 --
7:5 Hydrogen Molecules 278 --
7:6 Selection Rules 281 --
7:7 The Information Contained in Spectral Lines 285 --
7:8 Absorption and Emission Line Profile 288 --
7:9 Quantum Mechanical Transition Probabilities 290 --
7:10 Blackbody Radiation 296 --
7:11 Stimulated Emission and Cosmic Masers 299 --
7:12 Stellar Opacity 301 --
7:13 Chemical Composition of Stellar Atmospheres --
The Radiative Transfer Problem 304 --
7:14 A Gravitational Quantum Effect 308 --
8 Stars 313 --
8:1 Observations 313 --
8:2 Sources of Stellar Energy 316 --
8:3 Requirements Imposed on Stellar Models 318 --
8:4 Mathematical Formulation of the Theory 319 --
8:5 Relaxation Times 321 --
8:6 Equation of State 324 --
8:7 Luminosity 327 --
8:8 Opacity Inside a Star 328 --
8:9 Convective Transfer 333 --
8:10 Nuclear Reaction Rates 335 --
8:11 Particles and Basic Particle Interactions 339 --
8:12 Energy-Generating Processes in Stars 341 --
8:13 Compact Stars 351 --
8:14 White Dwarf Stars 351 --
8:15 Stellar Evolution and The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram 355 --
8:16 Supernovae, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes 358 --
8:17 Pulsars, Magnetars, and Plerions 364 --
8:18 Hypernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts 365 --
8:19 Microquasars 367 --
8:20 Vibration and Rotation of Stars 367 --
8:21 Solar Neutrino Observations 369 --
Additional Problems 371 --
9 Cosmic Gas and Dust 379 --
9:1 Observations 379 --
9:2 Stromgren Spheres 390 --
9:3 Pressure Propagation and the Speed of Sound 395 --
9:4 Shock Fronts and Ionization Fronts 397 --
9:5 Gamma-Ray Bursts, GRB 404 --
9:6 Origin of Cosmic Magnetic Fields 405 --
9:7 Dynamo Amplification of Magnetic Fields 409 --
9:8 Cosmic-Ray Particles in the Interstellar Medium 410 --
9:9 Formation of Molecules and Grains 415 --
9:10 Formation of Molecular Hydrogen, H[subscript 2] 419 --
9:11 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 420 --
9:12 Infrared Emission from Galactic Sources 421 --
9:13 Orientation of Interstellar Grains 425 --
9:14 Acoustic Damping and The Barnett Effect 429 --
9:15 Stability of Isothermal Gas Spheres 430 --
9:16 Polytropes 433 --
9:17 The Nature of Dark Matter 435 --
Additional Problems 438 --
10 Formation of Stars and Planetary Systems 441 --
10:1 Star Formation 441 --
10:2 Gravitational Condensation of Matter 443 --
10:3 Jeans Criterion 444 --
10:4 Hydrostatics of Gaseous Clouds 446 --
10:5 Magnetic Reconnection 446 --
10:6 Ambipolar Diffusion 449 --
10:7 Triggered Collapse 450 --
10:8 Energy Dissipation 451 --
10:9 Cooling of Dense Clouds by Grain Radiation 455 --
10:10 Condensation in the Early Solar Nebula 458 --
10:11 The Evidence Provided by Meteorites 462 --
10:12 Nascent Planetary Disks 467 --
10:13 Formation of Primitive Condensates in the Early Solar Nebula 469 --
10:14 Formation of Planetesimals 469 --
10:15 Condensation in the Primeval Solar Nebula 471 --
11 The Universe We Inhabit 477 --
11:1 Questions About the Universe 477 --
11:2 Isotropy and Homogeneity of the Universe 477 --
11:3 Cosmological Principle 480 --
11:4 Homogeneous Isotropic Models of the Universe 481 --
11:5 Olbers's Paradox 485 --
11:6 Measuring the Geometric Properties of the Universe 487 --
11:7 Angular Diameters and Number Counts 490 --
11:8 The Flux from Distant Supernovae 492 --
11:9 Magnitudes and Angular Diameters of Galaxies 495 --
11:10 Dynamics on a Cosmic Scale 496 --
11:11 Einstein's Field Equations 497 --
11:12 The Density Parameter[Omega] 497 --
11:13 Some Simple Models of the Universe 500 --
11:14 Self-Regenerating Universes 505 --
11:15 Horizon of a Universe 506 --
11:16 Topology of the Universe 511 --
11:17 Do the Fundamental Constants of Nature Change with Time? 513 --
11:18 The Flow of Time 515 --
11:19 Branes and Compact Dimensions 517 --
12 An Astrophysical History of the Universe 525 --
12:1 The Isotropy Problem 525 --
12:2 The Flatness Problem 527.
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