Encyclopedia of Caves /

Adaptation to Low Food
Kathrin Hüppop

Adaptive Shifts
Francis G. Howarth and Hannelore Hoch

Anchihaline (ANCHIALINE) Caves and Fauna
Boris Sket

Ancient Cavers in Eastern North America
Patty Jo Watson

Asellus Aquaticus: A Model System for Historical Biogeography
Rudi Verovnik

Astyanax Mexicanus: A Model Organism for Evolution and Adaptation
William R. Jeffery

Bats
Thomas H. Kunz, Susan W. Murray and Nathan W. Fuller

Beetles
Oana Teodora Moldovan

Behavioral Adaptations
Jakob Parzefall

Breakdown
Elizabeth L. White

Burnsville Cove, Virginia
Gregg S. Clemmer

Camps
Gregg S. Clemmer

Castleguard Cave, Canada
Derek Ford

Cave Dwellers in the Middle East
Paul Goldberg and Ofer Bar-Yosef

Cave Ecosystems
Kevin S. Simon

Cave, Definition of
William B. White and David C. Culver

Cavefish of China
Li Ma and Ya-hui Zhao

Chemoautotrophy
Annette Summers Engel

Clastic Sediments in Caves
Gregory S. Springer

Closed Depressions in Karst Areas
Ugo Sauro

Coastal Caves
John E. Mylroie

Contamination of Cave Waters by Heavy Metals
Dorothy J. Vesper

Contamination of Cave Waters by Nonaqueous Phase Liquids
Caroline M. Loop

Cosmogenic Isotope Dating of Cave Sediments
Darryl E. Granger and Derek Fabel

Crustacea
Horton H. Hobbs

Dinaric Karst: Geography and Geology
Nadja Zupan Hajna

Diversity Patterns in Australia
William F. Humphreys

Diversity Patterns in Europe
Louis Deharveng, Janine Gibert and David C. Culver

Diversity Patterns in the Dinaric Karst
Boris Sket

Diversity Patterns in the Tropics
Louis Deharveng and Anne Bedos

Diversity Patterns in the United States
Horton H. Hobbs

Documentation and Databases
Peter Matthews

Ecological Classification of Subterranean Organisms
Eleonora Trajano

Entranceless Caves, Discovery of
Nevin W. Davis

Entrances
William B. White

Epikarst
Michel Bakalowicz

Epikarst Communities
David C. Culver, Anton Brancelj and Tanja Pipan

Evolution of Lineages
Eleonora Trajano and Marina Cobolli

Exploration of Caves—General
William B. White

Exploration of Caves—Underwater Exploration Techniques
Jill Heinerth

Exploration of Caves—Vertical Caving Techniques
Mark Minton and Yvonne Droms

Folklore, Myth, and Legend, Caves in
Paul Jay Steward

Food Sources
Thomas L. Poulson

Friars Hole System, West Virginia
Stephen R.H. Worthington and Douglas M. Medville

Gammarus minus: A Model System for the Study of Adaptation to the Cave Environment
Daniel W. Fong

Geophysics of Locating Karst and Caves
Barbara Anne am Ende

Glacier Caves
Jason D. Gulley and Andrew G. Fountain

Guano Communities
Pedro Gnaspini

Gypsum Caves
Alexander Klimchouk

Gypsum Flowers and Related Speleothems
William B. White

Helictites and Related Speleothems
Donald G. Davis

Hydrogeology of Karst Aquifers
William B. White

Hydrothermal Caves
Yuri Dublyansky

Ice in Caves
Aurel Perşoiu and Bogdan P. Onac

Invasion, Active versus Passive
Dan L. Danielopol and Raymond Rouch

Jewel Cave, South Dakota
Mike Wiles

Karren, Cave
Joyce Lundberg

Karren, Surface
Joyce Lundberg

Karst
William K. Jones and William B. White

Kazumura Cave, Hawaii
Kevin Allred

Krubera (Voronja) Cave
Alexander Klimchouk

Lampenflora
Janez Mulec

Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Patricia Kambesis

Life History Evolution
David C. Culver

Mammoth Cave System, Kentucky
Roger W. Brucker

Mapping Subterranean Biodiversity
Mary C. Christman and Maja Zagmajster

Marine Regressions
Claude Boutin and Nicole Coineau

Maya Caves
Andrea Stone and James E. Brady

Microbes
Annette Summers Engel

Minerals
Bogdan P. Onac

Modeling of Karst Aquifers
Georg Kaufmann, Douchko Romanov and Wolfgang Dreybrodt

Mollusks
David C. Culver

Morphological Adaptations
Kenneth Christiansen

Multilevel Caves and Landscape Evolution
Darlene M. Anthony

Myriapods
David C. Culver and William A. Shear

Natural Selection
Peter Trontelj

Neutral Mutations
Horst Wilkens

Niphargus: A Model System for Evolution and Ecology
Cene Fišer

Nitrate Contamination in Karst Groundwater
Brian G. Katz

Nullarbor Caves, Australia
Julia M. James, Annalisa K. Contos and Craig M. Barnes

Paleoclimate Records from Speleothems
Victor J. Polyak and Rhawn F. Denniston

Paleomagnetic Records in Cave Sediments
Ira D. Sasowsky

Paleontology of Caves
Blaine W. Schubert and Jim I. Mead

Passage Growth and Development
Arthur N. Palmer

Passages
George Veni

Population Structure
Valerio Sbordoni, Giuliana Allegrucci and Donatella Cesaroni

Postojna–Planina Cave System, Slovenia
Stanka Šebela

Protecting Caves and Cave Life
William R. Elliott

Quartzite Caves of South America
Augusto S. Auler

Recreational Caving
John M. Wilson

Rescues
John C. Hempel

Responses to Low Oxygen
Frédéric Hervant and Florian Malard

Root Communities in Lava Tubes
Fred D. Stone, Francis G. Howarth, ... Manfred Asche

Salamanders
Špela Gorički, Matthew L. Niemiller and Danté B. Fenolio

Saltpetre Mining
David A. Hubbard

Scallops
Phillip J. Murphy

Shallow Subterranean Habitats
Tanja Pipan and David C. Culver

Show Caves
Arrigo A. Cigna

Siebenhengste Cave System, Switzerland
Pierre-Yves Jeannin and Philipp Häuselmann

Sinking Streams and Losing Streams
Joseph A. Ray

Sistema Huautla, Mexico
C. William Steele and James H. Smith

Soil Piping and Sinkhole Failures
Barry Beck

Solution Caves in Regions of High Relief
Philipp Häuselmann

Solution Caves in Regions of Moderate Relief
Arthur N. Palmer

Species Interactions
David C. Culver

Speleogenesis, Hypogenic
Alexander Klimchouk

Speleogenesis, Telogenetic
Franci Gabrovšek

Speleothem Deposition
Wolfgang Dreybrodt

Speleothems: General Overview
William B. White

Spiders and Related Groups
James R. Reddell

Springs
William B. White

Stalactites and Stalagmites
Silvia Frisia and Jon D. Woodhead

Sulfuric Acid Caves
Arthur N. Palmer and Carol A. Hill

Tiankeng
Xuewen Zhu, Weihai Chen and Yuanhai Zhang

Ukraine Giant Gypsum Caves
Alexander Klimchouk

Underwater Caves of the Yucatán Peninsula
James G. Coke

Uranium Series Dating of Speleothems
Christoph Spötl and Ronny Boch

Vertebrate Visitors—Birds and Mammals
Nikola Tvrtkovic

Vicariance and Dispersalist Biogeography
John R. Holsinger

Vjetrenica Cave, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ivo Lučić

Volcanic Rock Caves
Stephan Kempe

Wakulla Spring Underwater Cave System, Florida
Barbara Anne am Ende

Water Chemistry in Caves
Janet S. Herman

Water Tracing in Karst Aquifers
William K. Jones

Wetlands in Cave and Karst Regions
Tanja Pipan and David C. Culver

White-Nose Syndrome: A Fungal Disease of North American Hibernating Bats
Marianne S. Moore and Thomas H. Kunz

Worms
Elzbieta Dumnicka