The Least Developed Countries Report 2013/ Growth with Employment for Inclusive and Sustainable Development United Nations

CHAPTER 1: Recent Trends and Outlook for the LDCs...
A. Introduction
B. Recent trends in the global economy and implications for the LDCs....
1. Global growth and international trade.
2. Recent trends in financial flows
3. Recent trends in commodity prices....
4. Recent developments in special and differential treatment of the LDCs
C. Recent economic performance of the LDCs
1. Trends in the real economy
2. Trends in current account and international trade
3. Trends in external finance.,
D. Outlook for the LDCs
Notes
References.
CHAPTER 2: Exploring Demographic Dynamics in the LDCs.
A. Rationale for addressing growth with employment for inclusive and sustainable development
in the LDCs
8. Exploring demographic dynamics In the LDCs....
1. Key demographic trends in the LDCs
2. Urbanization and rural-urban labour migration ..
3. Conclusions...
Appendix 1
Notes
References
CHAPTER 3: Employment Trends in LDCs....
A. The quantity of employment in the LDCs...
1. Introduction
2. The LDC employment challenge
3. Gross employment trends in the LDCs....
4. Sectoral distribution of employment by status ...
5. LDC labour productivity....
6. Labour force participation rates L...
7. LDC employment-to-population ratios.
8. Rural non-farm employment: panacea, or Pandora's box? .
9. Unemployment and inactivity
B. The quality of employment in the LDCs...
1. The LDC working poor
2. Employment status and vulnerable work in the LDCs
3. Informal sector employment
C. Employment growth and estimated net job creation...
D. Conclusions...
Notes
References
CHAPTER 4: A Framework for Linking Employment Creation and Development of Productive
Capacities in the LDCs
A. Introduction
B. Investing to develop productive capacities: capital accumulation
1. Capital accumulation and the role of the investment-growth-employment nexus.
2. The nexus in the short term: the primary role of the public sector..
3. The nexus in the long term: the primary role of the private sector..
4. Formation of human capital
C. Enterprise development and technological change
1. Enterprise development and the employment challenge: Firm size matters
2. Technological change and the employment challenge; the choice of technology matters..
D. Structural change
1. Structural change and employment challenge: the three-pronged approach
2. Agriculture and the employment challenge: modernizing subsistence activities in rural areas..
3. Tradable activities: the employment challenge In an open economy
4. Non-tradable activities: the employment challenge in low-productivity activities
E. How to adjust the framework to conditions in different LDCs
1. Fuel and mineral producers and exporters
2. Producers and exporters of agricultural products ...
3. Producers and exporters of manufactured goods...
4. Small island developing States
F. Conclusions..
Notes
References
CHAPTER 5: Policies for Employment-Intensive Growth in the LDCs..
A. Introduction
B. Macroeconomic strategies
C. Managing the external sector
D. State-led employment creation
E. Enterprise development..
1. Industrial policies
2. Policies to foster entrepreneurship
F. Summary and conclusions
G. International support measure: Bolstering youth employment In LDCs through private sector
development...
Notes
References
Statistical Tables on the Least Developed Countries
1. Graduation of Samoa from LOG status
2. Changing growth model in China and possible consequences for the LDCs
3. Observations on rural non-farm employment In Bangladesh
4. Focusing on smaller-scale projects to foster job creation: the case of Mozambique..
1. Terms of trade Indices of LDCs, regional groups of LDCs and ODCs, 2000-2012
2. Food, meat and cereal price Indices, January 2005-June 2013
3. Concentration Indices of exports of country groups, selected years.,
4. Private financial flows to the LDCs, 2000-2012.
5. Official capital flows to LDCs, 2000-2011
6. LDC population, 1970-2050
7. Average annual population growth rate in the LDCs, 1970-2012
8. Average annual Increase in the LDC working-age population 2010-2050
9. LDC population by age groups, 1990-2050
10. LDC dependency ratios, 2010 and 2050
11. Youth population, (10-24 years), 1950-2050....
12. Age distribution of LDC and ODC populations, 2015 and 2050
13. LDC rural-urban population trends and forecasts, 1970-2050
14. LDC GDP, employment and population growth trends, 2000-2018
15. Labour force dynamics In the LDCs, 1990-2020
16. Growth of agricultural and non-agricultural labour force In LDCs, 1990-2020
17. Employment In major economic sectors, 2000-2018...
18. LDC labour productivity, by country groups and by export specialization, 2000-2012 ..
19. LDC output per worker as a share of more developed economies, 1990-2012
20. Agricultural labour productivity trends in LDCs, developed and other developing count tes,
1985-2011
21. LDC labour force participation rates by gender and region, 2012
22. LDC Labour force participation rates, by region and age, 1980-2009
23. Labour force participation rates for women in LDCs, 1990-2012
24. Employment-to-population ratios, LDC regional averages by gender, 2012 ;
25. Youth and adult employment-to-population ratios in selected LDCs, 2000 to 2012
26. Household participation and shares in rural non-farm income-generating activities in four
selected LDCs
27. LDC total unemployment rate by region, gender and youth, 1991-2012
28. LDC inactivity rates for youths and working-age population, 2009
29. Share of the working poor in LDCs living on less than $1.25 per day in total employment,~2dd0-2017 ..71
30. Share of vulnerable employment in LDCs and ODCs, 2000-2018 ;.
31. Distribution of employment by status in selected LDCs, 2012
32. Employment by economic class in the LDCs and ODCs (various years)...
33. Growth elasticity of employment in LDCs, 2004-2008
34. Elasticity of total employment to total GDP in the LDCs, 2000-2008
35. Policy framework for linking development of productive capacities with employment creation
in LDCs
36. Investment ratios in LDCs and ODCs, 1985-2011 ..
37. The investment-growth-employment nexus in a closed economy...
38. Primary sector as a share of GDP, 2009-2011....
39. Rural population as a share of total population, 2010-2012
40. Cereal yield in LDCs and ODCs, 1990-2011
1. Real GDP and real GDP per capita growth rates for LDCs, advanced economies
emerging and developing economies and world, selected years
2. Price indices for selected primary commodities of importance to LDCs, 2008-2013
3. Real GDP and real GDP per capita growth rates for LDCs, by groups, selected years
4. Exports and imports of merchandise and services in LDCs
5. Composition of merchandise exports and imports in LDCs, average 2010-2012
6. Real GDP growth rates for LDCs, developing and advanced economies, selected vparo ^
and forecasts 1R
7. Broad demographic trends in the LDCs, 1980-2011
8. LDC distribution of population and labour, 2000-2020
9. Urbanization and pressure on land in the LDCs, 1980-2011
10. Changing locus of the labour force in LDCs 1990-2020
11. Sectoral share of total employment for selected LDCs, various yeafe...
12. Labour force participation rates, 1980-2009
13. LDC Inactivity rates, 1980-2009
14. Employment and poverty dynamics in the LDCs, 2000-2018
15. Distribution of employment by status, 2012
16. Contribution of informal sector to total non-agricultural employment in selected LDCs
17. Decomposition of GDP per capita in selected LDCs, 2000-2010
18. Growth decomposition, percentage contribution to total growth in GDP
19. Indicators of human capital formation in LDCs and ODCs, 1995 and 2011
Annex Tables
1. Indicators on LDCs development, 2012
2. Real GDP growth rates for individual LDCs, selected years
3. Real GDP per capita growth rates for individual LDCs, selected years..
4. Gross capital formation, gross domestic savings and resource gap in LDGs,by country,
and by LDG groups, selected years 173
5. Share of value added in main economic sectors in LDGs, by country and country groups,
1999-2001 and 2009-2011
6. Foreign direct investment inflows to LDGs, selected years...
7. Total workers remittances to LDGs, by country and groups..
8. Selected indicators on debt burden in LDGs
9. Indicators on area and population, 2011
10. Selected indicators on education and labour, 2011...
11. Selected indicators on demography in LDGs.
12. LDG selected population indicators, 2012
13. New entrants to the labour market in LDGs ...
14. Total employment trends in LDGs
15. Countries and data sources for LDG sub-sample RNF income analysis.,