Contents:ch. 1. Introduction to physical anthropology --
Biocultural evolution --
Cultural anthropology --
Archaeology --
Linguistic anthropology --
Physical anthropology --
Forensic anthropologists in the contemporary world --
ch. 2. The development of evolutionary theory --
In Darwin's shadow --
Natural selection --
Constraints of Nineteenth-century evolutionary theory --
Opposition to evolution --
ch. 3. The biological basis of life --
DNA structure --
DNA replication --
Protein synthesis --
Regulatory genes --
Coding and noncoding DNA --
Cell division --
Chromosomes --
Mitosis --
Meiosis --
ch. 4. Heredity and evolution --
Genetic principles discovered by Mendel --
Segregation --
Dominance and recessiveness --
Independent assortment --
Mendelian inheritance in humans --
Polygenic inheritance --
Genetic and environmental factors --
Mitochondrial inheritance --
Modern evolutionary theory --
Mutation --
Gene flow --
Genetic drift and founder effect --
ch. 5. Processes of macroevolution --
The human place in the organic world --
Principles of classification --
Cladistics --
Definition of species --
Fossil species --
Fossil genera --
Vertebrate evolutionary history --
Mammalian evolution --
Emergence of major mammalian groups --
Processes of macroevolution --
Adaptive radiation --
Microevolution and macroevolution --
ch. 6. An overview of the primates --
Primate characteristics --
Primate adaptations --
Evolutionary factors --
Geographical distribution and habitats --
Diet and teeth --
Locomotion --
Primate classification --
Survey of living primates --
Lemurs and lorises --
Tarsiers --
Hominoids : apes and humans --
Endangered primates --
ch. 7. Primate behavior --
Evolution of behavior --
Social structure --
Primate social strategies --
Dominance --
Communication --
Aggressive interactions --
Affiliation and altruism --
Reproduction and reproductive behaviors --
Sexual selection --
Infanticide --
Mothers, fathers, and infants --
Primate cultural behavior --
Language --
Evolution of language --
Evolution of human language --
The primate continuum. ch. 8. Primate and hominin origins --
Eocene primates : closer connections to living primates --
Oligocene primates : anthropoid connections --
Miocene fossil hominoids : closer connections to apes and humans --
Biocultural evolution --
Science of paleoanthropology --
Early hominin tools --
Paleoanthropological dating methods --
Bipedal adaptation --
Early hominins from Africa --
Pre-Australopiths --
Australopiths --
Australopithecus afarensis --
Adaptive patterns of early African hominins --
Paleoanthropology : on the trail of our early ancestors and the environments in which they lived --
ch. 9. The first dispersal of the genus Homo : Homo erectus and contemporaries --
Morphology of Homo erectus --
Body size --
Brain size --
Cranial shape --
Homo erectus from Africa --
Homo erectus from Indonesia --
Homo erectus from China --
Zhoukoudian Homo erectus --
Discoveries from Asia --
Asian and African Homo erectus --
Later Homo erectus from Europe --
Technological trends during Homo erectus times --
ch. 10. Premodern humans --
The Pleistocene --
Dispersal of Middle Pleistocene hominins --
Premodern humans of the Middle Pleistocene --
Africa --
Europe --
Premodern human (H. heidelbergensis) fossils from Africa --
Premodern human (H. heidelbergensis) fossils from Europe --
Premodern human (H. heidelbergensis) fossils from Asia --
Middle Pleistocene evolution --
Middle Pleistocene culture --
Neandertals : premodern humans of the Late Pleistocene --
Western Europe --
Central Europe --
Western Asia --
Central Asia --
Culture of the Neandertals --
Technology --
Subsistence --
Neandertal fossil discoveries --
Speech and symbolic behavior --
Burials --
Molecular connections : the genetic evidence --
ch. 11. The origin and dispersal of modern humans --
Multiregional evolution --
Modern Homo sapiens discoveries form Africa and the Near East --
Asia --
Australia --
Central Europe --
Western Europe --
Modern Homo sapiens discoveries from Europe and Asia --
The "little people" --
Technology and art in Upper Paleolithic --
Europe --
Africa --
Upper Paleolithic culture --
ch. 12. Human variation and adaptation --
Concept of race --
Human polymorphisms --
Polymorphisms at the DNA level --
Human biocultural evolution --
Population genetics --
Adaptive significance of human variation --
Solar radiation and skin color --
The thermal environment --
High altitude --
Infectious disease --
Paleopathology : what bones can tell us about ancient diseases and injury --
ch. 13. Legacies of human evolutionary history : effects on the individual --
Biocultural evolution and the life course --
Human growth and development today and in the past --
Nutritional requirements for growth --
Genes and environment --
Hormones --
The human life cycle --
Pregnancy, birth, and infancy --
Childhood --
Adolescence --
Adulthood --
Aging and longevity --
Effects of technology on the brain --
ch. 14. The human disconnection --
Human impact on the planet and other life-forms --
Humans and the impact of culture --
Global climate change --
Impact on biodiversity --
Acceleration of evolutionary processes --
Appendix A. Atlas of primate skeletal anatomy --
Appendix B. Summary of early hominin fossil finds from Africa --
Appendix C. Population genetics --
Appendix D. Sexing and aging the skeleton.
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