Language, culture, and society/ an introduction to linguistic anthropology Salzmann,Zdenek

Preface 1 Introducing Linguistic Anthropology Why Should We Study Language? Language in Daily Life Modern Myths Concerning Languages Brief History of Anthropology Anthropology, Linguistics, and Linguistic Anthropology Summary and Conclusions 2 Methods of Linguistic Anthropology Contrasting Linguistics with Linguistic Anthropology The Fieldwork Component A Checklist for Research in the Field Summary and Conclusions 3 Language Is Sound: Phonology The Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Articulation of Speech Sounds From Phones to Phonemes Phonemes of English Prosodic Features Etics and Emics Summary and Conclusions 4 Structure of Words and Sentences Morphemes and Allomorphs Morphological Processes Morphophonemics The Sentence as a Unit of Analysis Inflections and Word Order Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar Summary and Conclusions 5 Nonverbal Communication Paralinguistics Kinesics Proxemics Whistle "Languages" Sign Languages Summary and Conclusions 6 The Development and Evolution of Language Communication and Its Channels Communication Among Social Insects Communication Among Nonhuman Primates and Other Vertebrates When Does a Communication System Become Language? Milestones in Human Evolution Design Features of Language Language as an Evolutionary Product Monogenesis Versus Polygenesis Estimating the Age of Language: Linguistic Considerations Estimating the Age of Language: The View from Prehistory Estimating the Age of Language: Evidence from Anatomy Summary and Conclusions 7 Acquiring Language(s): Life with First Languages, Second Languages, and More The First Steps of Language Acquisition in Childhood Theories of Language Acquisition Language and the Brain Bilingual and Multilingual Brains The Social Aspects of Multilingualism Code-Switching, Code-Mixing, and Diglossia Summary and Conclusions 8 Language Through Time How Languages Are Classified Internal and External Changes How and Why Sound Changes Occur Reconstructing Protolanguages Reconstructing the Ancestral Homeland Reconstructing a Protoculture Trying to Date the Past: Glottochronology Time Perspective in Culture Summary and Conclusions 9 Languages in Variation and Languages in Contact Idiolects Dialects Styles Language Contact Pidgins From Pidgins to Creoles Language Contact in the Contemporary World The World of Languages Summary and Conclusions 10 Ethnography of Communication Speech Community and Related Concepts Units of Speech Behavior Components of Communication Subanun Drinking Talk Attitudes Toward the Use of Speech Recent Trends in the Ethnography of Speaking Summary and Conclusions 11 Culture as Cognition, Culture as Categorization: Meaning and Language in the Conceptual World Concepts, Words, and Categories The Lexical Nature of Concepts The Rise and (Relative) Fall of Ethnoscience Sound Symbolism and Synesthesia Studies of Discourse Summary and Conclusions 12 Language, Culture, and Thought The Stimulus of Sapir's Writings The Whorf Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity and Linguistic Determinism Whorf 's Hypothesis Reconsidered Color Nomenclature and Other Challenges to Linguistic Relativity Theoretical Alternatives to Linguistic Relativity Future Tests of Linguistic Relativity and Linguistic Determinism Summary and Conclusions 13 Language and Ideology: Variations in Class, Gender, Ethnicity, and Nationality Language, Social Class, and Identity Language and Gender Language, "Race," and Ethnicity Language and Nationality Summary and Conclusions 14 Linguistic Anthropology in a Globalized World Language Planning Literacy, Writing, and Education The Life and Death of Languages Intercultural Communication and Translation Language and the Law English as an International Language Always On: New Literacies and Language in an Online Global World Ethical Questions and Standards of Conduct Summary and Conclusions Resource Manual and Study Guide Answers to the Objective Study Questions and Problems Glossary Bibliography Languages Mentioned in the Text and Their Locations (Map)