The medium format advanage/ Wildi, Ernst

Chapter 2
The History of Medium Format
The Medium Format Advantages
Image Sharpness 7
Image Evaluation 9
Focusing Screen 11
Cropping 12
Film Changing 13
Instant Photography
and Electronic Imaging 14
Shutters 15
Camera Size and Operation 16
Chapter 3 Image Formats
Selecting the Format 17
Comparing Formats 26
Image Sharpness 27
Other Medium Formats 29
35 mm in the Medium Format Camera 30
Chapter 4 Films and Film Loading
General Comments 31
Color Negative and Color Transparency Film 34
Roll Film 35
Sheet Film 37
Instant Film 37
Film Loading 40
Operating Signals 43
Chapter 5
Camera Types
Single Lens Reflex Cameras 45
Twin Lens Reflex Cameras 50
Rangefinder Cameras 52
Wide Angle Cameras 53
Panoramic Cameras 53
Press Cameras 54
Cameras with Swing and Tilt Control 54
Studio Cameras 54
Motor Drives 54
Chapter 6 Shutters
Focal Plane Shutters 59
Lens Shutters 62
Operating the Cameras 63
Chapter 7 Image Quality
Handheld or Tripod 67
Handheld Photography 68
Camera Use and Operation on a Tripod 70
Selecting a Tripod 72
Monopods 74
Chapter 8 Lens Design and Performance
Lens Cost 77
Focal Length 78
Angle of View 79
Area Coverage 80
Covering Power 82
Lens Aperture 82
Lens Names and Engravings 83
Telephoto Lens Design 84
Wide Angle Lens Designs 86
Characteristics
and Use of Teleconverters 89
Zoom Lenses 90
Makro Lenses 92
Soft Focus Lenses 93
Lens Quality 94
Lens Flare and Multicoating 98
Relative Illuminance 99
Color Rendition 101
Image Distortions 102
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Chapter 9 Lens Controls for Creating Images
Area Coverage 107
Perspective 107
Selective Backgrounds 111
Slanted Verticals 114
Creating Images with Zoom Lenses 116
Fish-Eye Lens Photography 117
Depth of Field 118
Increasing the Sharpness Range 123
Creative Use of Lens Aperture 126
Action and Shutter Speed 128
Chapter 10 Creating the Image in the Viewfinder
Optical Viewfinders 133
Rangefinder Focusing 134
Automatic Focusing 134
Focusing Screens 135
Viewfinders 138
Image Evaluation 142
Leveling the Camera 143
Image Composition 143
Chapter 11 Exposure and Metering Modes
Lens Aperture 147
Shutter Speed 148
Exposure Values 148
Film Sensitivity 149
Determining Lens Settings 149
Metering Methods 150
Meters as Part of the Ccimera System 151
Using the Reflected Meter 156
Shaded and Lighted Areas 160
Bracketing 161
Special Exposure Situations 163
Other Uses of Meters and Gray Cards 164
Chapter 12 Medium Format Flash Photography
Flash Synchronization 167
Flash Unit Size and Batteries 168
Light Output and Guide Numbers 168
Covering Power 169
Ready Light and Exposure Signal 169
Use and Placement of the Flash Unit 170
Operating the Portable Flash Unit 173
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Making the Existing Light Part of the Picture 176
Other Exposure Considerations 179
Other Flash Applications 181
Chapter 13 Close-Up Photography
Camera Designs 183
Lenses for Close-Up Photography 184
Close-Up Accessories 185
Magnification 185
Close-Up Lenses 186
Extension Tubes and Bellows 187
Photographing Subjects Life Sized 190
Depth of Field 191
Exposure 192
Chapter 14 Filters for Better Image Quality
Exposure Increase 195
Filters as Lens Protection 196
Haze and Ultraviolet Filters 196
Neutral Density Filters 196
Filters for Black-and-White Photography 197
Color Quality of Light 198
Filters for Color Photography 199
Polarizing Filters 200
Partial Filters 205
Quality of Filters 206
Filter Maintenance 206
Chapter 15 Digital Imaging in the Medium Format
The New Possibilities 207
Selecting Digital Equipment 209
Selecting Lenses for Electronic Imaging 211
Chapter 16 Applications and Specialized
Fields ofPhotography
Wildlife and Bird Photography 213
Nature Photography 214
Outdoor Scenery 214
High Magnification Photography 215
Photography Through the Microscope 217
Aerial Photography 219
Architectural Photography 219

Wedding Photography 219
Fashion and Beauty Photography 220
Portrait Photography 220
Child Photography 222
Soft Focus Photography 222
Press Photography 222
Sports Photography 223
Medical Photography 223
Commercial
Photography 223
Industrial Photography 224
Creative Experimenting 225
Slide Duplicating 225
Copying 226
Underwater Photography 228
Infrared Photography 230
Ultraviolet Photography 231
Fluorescence Photography 231
Chapter 17 Slides and Slide Projection 233
Projection Formats 233
Slides and Slide Mounting 233
Slide Projectors 235
Slide Presentations 235
Chapter 18 Maintaining Equipment and Materials 237
Carrying Cases 237
Cleaning the Camera 238
Environmental Factors 239
X-Ray Inspections 241