Principles of soil conservation and management/ Humberto Blanco; Rattan Lal

By: Humberto,BlancoContributor(s): Lal RatanMaterial type: TextTextPublication details: New York: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008Description: 617 pISBN: 9781402087080Subject(s): Bodenerosion | BodenschutzDDC classification: 658.4095
Contents:
Preface; Foreword 1 SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION; 1.1. Why Conserve Soil?; 1.2. Agents that Degrade Soil; 1.3. Soil Erosion; 1.4. History of Soil Erosion;1.5. Consequences of Soil Erosion; 1.6. Drivers of Soil Erosion; 1.7. Erosion in the USA; 1.8. Global Distribution of Soil Erosion; 1.9. Current Trends in Soil and Water Conservation; Summary; Study Questions; References 2 WATER EROSION; 2.2. Types; 2.3. Processes; 2.4. Factors; 2.5. Agents; 2.6. Rainfall Erosivity; 2.7. Runoff Erosivity; 2.8. Soil Properties Affecting Erodibility; 2.9. Measuring Erosion; Summary; Study Questions; References 3 WIND EROSION; 3.1. Processes; 3.2. Factors; 3.3. Wind Erosivity; 3.4. Soil Erodibility; 3.5. Measuring Wind Erosion; 3.6. Management of Wind Erosion; 3.7. Windbreaks; 3.8. Crop Residues; 3.9. Perennial Grasses; 3.10. Conservation Tillage; Summary; Study Questions; References 4 MODELING WATER AND WIND EROSION; 4.1. Modeling Erosion; 4.2. Empirical Models; 4.3. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE); 4.4. Modified USLE (MUSLE); 4.5. Revised USLE (RUSLE): 4.6. Process-Based Models; 4.7. Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP); 4.8. Ephemeral Gully Erosion Model (EGEM); 4.9. Other Water Erosion Models; 4.10. Modeling Wind Erosion; 4.11. Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ); 4.12. Revised WEQ (RWEQ); 4.13. Process-Based Models; 4.14. Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS); 4.15. Other Wind Erosion Models; 4.16. Limitations of Water and Wind Models; Summary; Study Questions; References 5 TILLAGE EROSION; 5.1. Definition and Magnitude of the Problem; 5.2. Tillage Erosion Research: Past and Present; 5.3. Tillage Erosion versus Water and Wind Erosion; 5.4. Factors Affecting Tillage Erosion; 5.5. Landform Erodibility; 5.6. Soil Erodibility; 5.7. Tillage Erosivity; 5.8. Tillage Erosion and Soil Properties; 5.9. Indicators of Tillage Erosion; 5.10. Measurement of Soil Displacement; 5.11. Tillage Erosion and Crop Production; 5.12. Management of Tillage Erosion; 5.13. Tillage Erosion Modeling; 5.14. Predictive Equations; 5.15. Computer Models; 5.16. Soil Erosion and Crop Harvesting; Summary; Study Questions; References 6 BIOLOGICAL MEASURES OF EROSION CONTROL; 6.1. Functions of Canopy Cover; 6.2. Soil Amendments; 6.3. Cover Crops; 6.4. Crop Residues; 6.5. Residue Harvesting for Biofuel Production; 6.6. Bioenergy Plantations as an Alternative to Crop Residue Removal; 6.7. Manuring; 6.8. Soil Conditioners: Polymers; 6.9. Polyacrylamides; Summary; Study Questions; References 7 CROPPING SYSTEMS; 7.1. Fallow Systems; 7.2. Summer Fallows; 7.3. Monoculture; 7.4. Crop Rotations; 7.5. Cover Crops; 7.6. Cropping Intensity; 7.7. Row Crops; 7.8. Multiple Cropping; 7.9. Double Cropping; 7.10. Relay Cropping; 7.11. Intercropping; 7.12. Contour Farming; 7.13. Strip Cropping; 7. 14. Contour Strip Cropping; 7.15. Land Equivalent Ratio; 7.16. Organic Farming; Summary; Study Questions; References 8 NO-TILL FARMING; 8.1. Seedbed and Soil Tilth; 8.2. Factors Affecting Soil Tilth; 8.3. Tilth Index; 8.4. Tillage; 8.5. Tillage Tools;8.6. Types of Tillage Systems;8.7. Conventional Tillage: Moldboard Plowing; 8.8. Conservation Tillage Systems; 8.9. No-Till Farming; 8.10. Benefits of No-Till Farming; 8.11. Challenges in No-Till Management; 8.12. No-Till and Subsoiling; 8.13. Reduced Tillage; 8.14. Mulch Tillage; 8.15. Strip Tillage; 8.16. Ridge Tillage; Summary; Study Questions; References 9 BUFFER STRIPS; 9.1. Importance; 9.2. Mechanisms of Pollutant Removal; 9.3. Factors Influencing the Performance of Buffer Strips; 9.4. Types and Management; 9.5. Riparian Buffer Strips; 9.6. Filters Strips; 9.7. Grass Barriers; 9.8. Grass Waterways; 9.9. Field Borders; 9.10. Modeling of Sediment Transport through Buffer Strips; Summary; Study Questions; References 10 AGROFORESTRY; 10.1. Importance; 10.2. Classification; 10.3. History; 10.4. Current Trends; 10.5. Functions of Agroforestry; 10.6. Agroforestry and Factors of Soil Erosion; 10.7. Agroforestry and Land Rec
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Preface; Foreword 1 SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION; 1.1. Why Conserve Soil?; 1.2. Agents that Degrade Soil; 1.3. Soil Erosion; 1.4. History of Soil Erosion;1.5. Consequences of Soil Erosion; 1.6. Drivers of Soil Erosion; 1.7. Erosion in the USA; 1.8. Global Distribution of Soil Erosion; 1.9. Current Trends in Soil and Water Conservation; Summary; Study Questions; References 2 WATER EROSION; 2.2. Types; 2.3. Processes; 2.4. Factors; 2.5. Agents; 2.6. Rainfall Erosivity; 2.7. Runoff Erosivity; 2.8. Soil Properties Affecting Erodibility; 2.9. Measuring Erosion; Summary; Study Questions; References 3 WIND EROSION; 3.1. Processes; 3.2. Factors; 3.3. Wind Erosivity; 3.4. Soil Erodibility; 3.5. Measuring Wind Erosion; 3.6. Management of Wind Erosion; 3.7. Windbreaks; 3.8. Crop Residues; 3.9. Perennial Grasses; 3.10. Conservation Tillage; Summary; Study Questions; References 4 MODELING WATER AND WIND EROSION; 4.1. Modeling Erosion; 4.2. Empirical Models; 4.3. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE); 4.4. Modified USLE (MUSLE); 4.5. Revised USLE (RUSLE): 4.6. Process-Based Models; 4.7. Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP); 4.8. Ephemeral Gully Erosion Model (EGEM); 4.9. Other Water Erosion Models; 4.10. Modeling Wind Erosion; 4.11. Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ); 4.12. Revised WEQ (RWEQ); 4.13. Process-Based Models; 4.14. Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS); 4.15. Other Wind Erosion Models; 4.16. Limitations of Water and Wind Models; Summary; Study Questions; References 5 TILLAGE EROSION; 5.1. Definition and Magnitude of the Problem; 5.2. Tillage Erosion Research: Past and Present; 5.3. Tillage Erosion versus Water and Wind Erosion; 5.4. Factors Affecting Tillage Erosion; 5.5. Landform Erodibility; 5.6. Soil Erodibility; 5.7. Tillage Erosivity; 5.8. Tillage Erosion and Soil Properties; 5.9. Indicators of Tillage Erosion; 5.10. Measurement of Soil Displacement; 5.11. Tillage Erosion and Crop Production; 5.12. Management of Tillage Erosion; 5.13. Tillage Erosion Modeling; 5.14. Predictive Equations; 5.15. Computer Models; 5.16. Soil Erosion and Crop Harvesting; Summary; Study Questions; References 6 BIOLOGICAL MEASURES OF EROSION CONTROL; 6.1. Functions of Canopy Cover; 6.2. Soil Amendments; 6.3. Cover Crops; 6.4. Crop Residues; 6.5. Residue Harvesting for Biofuel Production; 6.6. Bioenergy Plantations as an Alternative to Crop Residue Removal; 6.7. Manuring; 6.8. Soil Conditioners: Polymers; 6.9. Polyacrylamides; Summary; Study Questions; References 7 CROPPING SYSTEMS; 7.1. Fallow Systems; 7.2. Summer Fallows; 7.3. Monoculture; 7.4. Crop Rotations; 7.5. Cover Crops; 7.6. Cropping Intensity; 7.7. Row Crops; 7.8. Multiple Cropping; 7.9. Double Cropping; 7.10. Relay Cropping; 7.11. Intercropping; 7.12. Contour Farming; 7.13. Strip Cropping; 7. 14. Contour Strip Cropping; 7.15. Land Equivalent Ratio; 7.16. Organic Farming; Summary; Study Questions; References 8 NO-TILL FARMING; 8.1. Seedbed and Soil Tilth; 8.2. Factors Affecting Soil Tilth; 8.3. Tilth Index; 8.4. Tillage; 8.5. Tillage Tools;8.6. Types of Tillage Systems;8.7. Conventional Tillage: Moldboard Plowing; 8.8. Conservation Tillage Systems; 8.9. No-Till Farming; 8.10. Benefits of No-Till Farming; 8.11. Challenges in No-Till Management; 8.12. No-Till and Subsoiling; 8.13. Reduced Tillage; 8.14. Mulch Tillage; 8.15. Strip Tillage; 8.16. Ridge Tillage; Summary; Study Questions; References 9 BUFFER STRIPS; 9.1. Importance; 9.2. Mechanisms of Pollutant Removal; 9.3. Factors Influencing the Performance of Buffer Strips; 9.4. Types and Management; 9.5. Riparian Buffer Strips; 9.6. Filters Strips; 9.7. Grass Barriers; 9.8. Grass Waterways; 9.9. Field Borders; 9.10. Modeling of Sediment Transport through Buffer Strips; Summary; Study Questions; References 10 AGROFORESTRY; 10.1. Importance; 10.2. Classification; 10.3. History; 10.4. Current Trends; 10.5. Functions of Agroforestry; 10.6. Agroforestry and Factors of Soil Erosion; 10.7. Agroforestry and Land Rec

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