Paleoclimatology reconstructing climates of the quaternary/ Raymond S. Bradley.

Preface. Acknowledgments. Paleoclimatic Reconstruction. Introduction.Sources Of Paleoclimatic Information. Levels Of Paleoclimatic Analysis. Modeling In Paleoclimatic Research. Climate And Climatic Variation. The Nature Of Climate And Climatic Variation. The Climate System. Feedback Mechanisms. Energy Balance Of The Earth And Its Atmosphere. Timescales Of Climatic Variation. Variations Of The Earth's Orbital Parameters. Dating Methods I. Introduction And Overview. Radioisotopic Methods. Dating Methods II. Paleomagnetism. Dating Methods Involving Chemical Changes. Biological Dating Methods. Ice Cores. Introduction. Stable Isotope Analysis. Dating Ice Cores. Paleoclimatic Reconstruction From Ice Cores. Marine Sediments And Corals. Introduction. Paleoclimatic Information From Biological Material In Ocean Cores. Oxygen Isotope Studies Of Calcareous Marine Fauna. Relative Abundance Studies. Paleotemperature Records From Alkenones. Dissolution Of Deep-Sea Carbonates. Paleoclimatic Information From Inorganic Material In Ocean Cores. Coral Records Of Past Climate. Thermohaline Circulation Of The Oceans. Ocean Circulation Changes And Climate Over The Last Glacial-Interglacial Cycle.Changes In Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: The Role of the Oceans.Orbital Forcing: Evidence From The Marine Record.Non-Marine Geological Evidence. Introduction.Loess.Periglacial Features.Snowlines And Glaciation Thresholds.Mountain Glacier Fluctuations. Lake-Level Fluctuations. Lake Sediments.Speleothems.Non-Marine Biological Evidence. Introduction. Former Vegetation Distribution From Plant Macrofossils. Insects.Pollen Analysis. Introduction. The Basis Of Pollen Analysis. How Rapidly Does Vegetation Respond To Changes In Climate? Pollen Analysis Of A Site: The Pollen Diagram. Mapping Vegetation Change: Isopolls And Isochrones. Quantitative Paleoclimatic Reconstructions Based On Pollen Analysis. Paleoclimatic Reconstruction From Long Quaternary Pollen Records. Dendroclimatology. Introduction. Fundamentals Of Dendroclimatology. Dendroclimatic Reconstructions. Isotope Dendroclimatology. Documentary Data: Introduction. Historical Records And Their Interpretation. Regional Studies Based On Historical Records. Records Climate Forcing Factors.Paleoclimate ModelsIntroduction. Types Of Models.Sensitivity Experiments Using General Circulation Models. Model Simulations: 18ka B.P. To The Present. Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model Experiments Of The Thermohaline Circulation. GCM Paleoclimate Simulations And The Paleo Record. Appendix A: Further Considerations On Radiocarbon DatingCalculation Of Radiocarbon Age And Standardization Procedure. Fractionation Effects. World Wide Web-Based Resources In Paleoclimatology References. Index.