Normal view MARC view ISBD view

The problem of universals in Indian philosophy/ Raja Ram Dravid

By: Dravid, Raja RamMaterial type: Text

TextPublication details: Delhi : MBP, 2001Edition: 2nd. edDescription: xvi,473p. ; 22cmSubject(s): Indian philosophy - western philosophy - universalsDDC classification: 181.4

Contents:

THE EXTREME REALISM OF THE NYAYA-VAISESIKA The definition of the universal {jdti) The universal as distinct from the particular Universal as the determinant of causality Jali and Upddhi Existence as the Highest Universal Existence versus Being and Reality Criticism of the Nyaya view of'existence' by other schools Concluding remarks THE REALISM OF THE MIMAMSA Rumania's Theory of universals The relation between universal and particular Criticism of the Nyaya view The Prabhakara view of universals Criticism of Rumania's view Concluding remarks THE BUDDHIST CRITICISM OF REALISM AND THE REALIST REPLY I. The Buddhist Criticism Universal a thought-construction Refutation of the realist theory of general cognition Difficulties in the realist theory of universals The Buddhist explanation of recognition II. The Realist Reply Universals are real entities General cognitions imply universals Difficulties raised by the Buddhist answered Concluding remarks ARE UNIVERSALS PERCEIVED? I. The Buddhist Position The Realist's view of Perception The Buddhist view of Perception The universal not a percept Determinate cognition not perceptual II. The Realist's Criticism Universal a perceived fact Determinate cognition perceptual Refutation of the Buddhist arguments for momentariness Some more objections answered Defence of substance-attribute relation Concluding remarks THE TAINA THEORY OF UNIVERSALS The nature of the object of knowledge Identity of Existence Arguments for the reality of the universals The two kinds of universals Criticism of the Buddhist and the Nyaya views The Jaina conception of the universal Comparison with the Visistadvaita view Concluding remarks THE ADVAITA VIEW OF UNIVERSALS The universal Existence and the empirical particular Criticism of the realist theory of universals The Advaitic explanation of general cognition Concluding remarks IMPORT OF WORDS The Individualist theory The Configuration theory The Universalist theory The Theory of Composite denotation The Advaitic criticism of the realist theory of meaning The Advaitic theory of import of words THE GRAMMARIAN'S VIEW OF WORD AND MEANING The word as the Ultimate Reality The sentence as universal The word as universal Import of words Bhartrhari'sview The theory of superimposition All words denote universals Justification from the Advaitic stand-point An account of the nature of universals A defence of the existence of universals Concluding remarks THE BUDDHIST NOMINALISM (APOHAVADA)—I 1. TheTheoiyofDigndgaandDharmaktrti Concepts or universals are thought-constructions Words signify mere negations All distinctions are purely conceptual Criticism of the realist theory of meaning I II. Criticism by Kumdrila and Uddyolakara III. Defence of Apohavdda by Sdntaraksifa The meaning of apoha Import of words explained Objections of Kumarila answered IV. Vdcaspali Misra's Criticism of Apohavdda THE BUDDHIST NOMINALISM (APOHAVADA)—II I. Defence of Apohavdda by Jhdnasn and Ratnakirti The import of words The objects of perception and conception distinguished Judgments empirically refer to real external things n. Udayana's Criticism of Apohavdda Negation not a felt element in conceptual cognition The object of conceptual cognition not unreal Volitional activity not explained Concluding remarks UNIVERSALS IN GREEK AND MEDIEVAL THOUGHT The Extreme Realism of Plato The Moderate Realism of Aristotle The Controversy over Universals in the Middle Ages Porphyry's Problem Extreme Realism ( Adversaries of Extreme Realism I Moderate Realism Conceptualism CONTRIBUTION OF MODERN THINKERS 1. Hobbes' Nominalism 2. The Conceptualism of Locke 3. Berkeley's Criticism 4. Hume's Theory of Disposition and Resemblance 5. The Rationalist Protest UNIVERSALS VERSUS RESEMBLANCES IN CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY 1. Russell's Defence of Universals 2. The Theory of Stout 3. Moore's Analysis 4. The Protagonists of Resemblance 5. Concluding remarks

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THE EXTREME REALISM OF THE NYAYA-VAISESIKA
The definition of the universal {jdti)
The universal as distinct from the particular
Universal as the determinant of causality
Jali and Upddhi
Existence as the Highest Universal
Existence versus Being and Reality
Criticism of the Nyaya view of'existence'
by other schools
Concluding remarks
THE REALISM OF THE MIMAMSA
Rumania's Theory of universals
The relation between universal and particular
Criticism of the Nyaya view
The Prabhakara view of universals
Criticism of Rumania's view
Concluding remarks
THE BUDDHIST CRITICISM OF REALISM AND
THE REALIST REPLY
I. The Buddhist Criticism
Universal a thought-construction
Refutation of the realist theory of general cognition
Difficulties in the realist theory of universals
The Buddhist explanation of recognition
II. The Realist Reply
Universals are real entities
General cognitions imply universals
Difficulties raised by the Buddhist answered
Concluding remarks
ARE UNIVERSALS PERCEIVED?
I. The Buddhist Position
The Realist's view of Perception
The Buddhist view of Perception
The universal not a percept
Determinate cognition not perceptual
II. The Realist's Criticism
Universal a perceived fact
Determinate cognition perceptual
Refutation of the Buddhist arguments for
momentariness
Some more objections answered
Defence of substance-attribute relation
Concluding remarks
THE TAINA THEORY OF UNIVERSALS
The nature of the object of knowledge
Identity of Existence
Arguments for the reality of the universals
The two kinds of universals
Criticism of the Buddhist and the Nyaya views
The Jaina conception of the universal
Comparison with the Visistadvaita view
Concluding remarks
THE ADVAITA VIEW OF UNIVERSALS
The universal Existence and the empirical particular
Criticism of the realist theory of universals
The Advaitic explanation of general cognition
Concluding remarks
IMPORT OF WORDS
The Individualist theory
The Configuration theory
The Universalist theory
The Theory of Composite denotation
The Advaitic criticism of the realist theory of
meaning
The Advaitic theory of import of words
THE GRAMMARIAN'S VIEW OF WORD AND MEANING
The word as the Ultimate Reality
The sentence as universal
The word as universal
Import of words
Bhartrhari'sview
The theory of superimposition
All words denote universals
Justification from the Advaitic stand-point
An account of the nature of universals
A defence of the existence of universals
Concluding remarks
THE BUDDHIST NOMINALISM (APOHAVADA)—I
1. TheTheoiyofDigndgaandDharmaktrti
Concepts or universals are thought-constructions
Words signify mere negations
All distinctions are purely conceptual
Criticism of the realist theory of meaning
I
II. Criticism by Kumdrila and Uddyolakara
III. Defence of Apohavdda by Sdntaraksifa
The meaning of apoha
Import of words explained
Objections of Kumarila answered
IV. Vdcaspali Misra's Criticism of Apohavdda
THE BUDDHIST NOMINALISM (APOHAVADA)—II
I. Defence of Apohavdda by Jhdnasn and Ratnakirti
The import of words
The objects of perception and conception
distinguished
Judgments empirically refer to real external things
n. Udayana's Criticism of Apohavdda
Negation not a felt element in conceptual cognition
The object of conceptual cognition not unreal
Volitional activity not explained
Concluding remarks
UNIVERSALS IN GREEK AND MEDIEVAL THOUGHT
The Extreme Realism of Plato
The Moderate Realism of Aristotle
The Controversy over Universals in the Middle Ages
Porphyry's Problem
Extreme Realism
( Adversaries of Extreme Realism
I Moderate Realism
Conceptualism
CONTRIBUTION OF MODERN THINKERS
1. Hobbes' Nominalism
2. The Conceptualism of Locke
3. Berkeley's Criticism
4. Hume's Theory of Disposition and Resemblance
5. The Rationalist Protest
UNIVERSALS VERSUS RESEMBLANCES IN
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY
1. Russell's Defence of Universals
2. The Theory of Stout
3. Moore's Analysis
4. The Protagonists of Resemblance
5. Concluding remarks

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