A theory of justice/ John Rawls.

Part One. Theory


CHAPTER I. JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS 3
1. The Role of Justice 3
2. The Subject of Justice 7
3. The Main Idea of the Theory of Justice 11
4. The Original Position and Justification 17
5. Classical Utilitarianism 22
6. Some Related Contrasts 27
7. Intuitionism 34
8. The Priority Problem 40
9. Some Remarks about Moral Theory 46

CHAPTER II. THE PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE 54
10. Institutions and Formal Justice 54
11. Two Principles of Justice 60
12. Interpretations of the Second Principle 65
13. Democratic Equality and the Difference Principle 75
14. Fair Equality of Opportunity and Pure Procedural Justice 83
15. Primary Social Goods as the Basis of Expectations 90
16. Relevant Social Positions 95
17. The Tendency to Equality 100
18. Principles for Individuals: The Principle of Fairness 108
19. Principles for Individuals: The Natural Duties 114

CHAPTER III. THE ORIGINAL POSITION 118
20. The Nature of the Argument for Conceptions of Justice 118
21. The Presentation of Alternatives 122
22. The Circumstances of Justice 126
23. The Formal Constraints of the Concept of Right 130
24. The Veil of Ignorance 136
25. The Rationality of the Parties 142
26. The Reasoning Leading to the Two Principles of Justice 150
27. The Reasoning Leading to the Principle of Average Utility 161
28. Some Difficulties with the Average Principle 167
29. Some Main Grounds for the Two Principles of Justice 175
30. Classical Utilitarianism, Impartiality, and Benevolence 183


Part Two. Institutions


CHAPTER IV. EQUAL LIBERTY 195
31 The Four-Stage Sequence 195
32. The Concept of Liberty 201
33. Equal Liberty of Conscience 205
34. Toleration and the Common Interest 211
35. Toleration of the Intolerant 216
36. Political Justice and the Constitution 221
37. Limitations on the Principle of Participation 228
38. The Rule of Law 235
39. The Priority of Liberty Defined 243
40. The Kantian Interpretation of Justice as Fairness 251

CHAPTER V. DISTRIBUTIVE SHARES 258
41. The Concept of Justice in Political Economy 258
42. Some Remarks about Economic Systems 265
43. Background Institutions for Distributive Justice 274
44. The Problem of Justice between Generations 284
45. Time Preference 293
46. Further Cases of Priority 298
47. The Precepts of Justice 303
48. Legitimate Expectations and Moral Desert 310
49. ComparisonwithMixedConceptions 315
50. The Principle of Perfection 325

CHAPTER VI. DUTY AND OBLIGATION 333
51. The Arguments for the Principles of Natural Duty 333
52. The Arguments for the Principle of Fairness 342
53. The Duty To Comply with an Unjust Law 350
54. The Status of Majority Rule 356
55. The Definition of Civil Disobedience 363
56. The Definition of Conscientious Refusal 368
57. The Justification of Civil Disobedience 371
58. The Justification of Conscientious Refusal 377
59. The Role of Civil Disobedience 382


Part Three. Ends


CHAPTER VII. GOODNESS AS RATIONALITY 395
60. The Need for a Theory of the Good 395
61. The Definition of Good for Simpler Cases 399
62. A Note on Meaning 404
63. The Definition of Good for Plans of Life 407
64. Deliberative Rationality 416
65. The Aristotelian Principle 424
66. The Definition of Good Applied to Persons 433
67. Self-Respect, Excellences, and Shame 440
68. Several Contrasts between the Right and the Good 446

CHAPTER VIII. THE SENSE OF JUSTICE 453
69. The Concept of a Well-Ordered Society 453
70. The Morality of Authority 462
71. The Morality of Association 467
72. The Morality of Principles 472
73. Features of the Moral Sentiments 479
74. The Connection between Moral and Natural Attitudes 485
75. The Principles of Moral Psychology 490
76. The Problem of Relative Stability 496
77. The Basis of Equality 504

CHAPTER IX. THE GOOD OF JUSTICE 513
78. Autonomy and Objectivity 513
79. The Idea of Social Union 520
80. The Problem of Envy 530
81. Envy and Equality 534
82. The Grounds for the Priority of Liberty 541
83. Happiness and Dominant Ends 548
84. Hedonism as a Method of Choice 554
85. The Unity of the Self 560
86. The Good of the Sense of Justice 567
87. Concluding Remarks on Justification 577


Index 589