Handbook of industrial crops/ edited by V.L. Chopra, K.V. Peter.

About the Editors Contributors Introduction Chapter 1. Arecanut (K. V. A. Bavappa and D. Balasimha) Introduction Origin, History, and Distribution Botany and Taxonomy Cytogenetics Germplasm Collection Crop Improvement Growing Conditions Diseases and Pests Harvesting and Processing Future Outlook Chapter 2. Cardamom (M. R. Sudharshan and V. S. Korikanthimath) Introduction World Trade History Systematics, Evolution, and Adaptation Botany Cytology Germplasm Collection, Availability, and Exchange Crop Improvement Crop Management Harvesting and Processing Cardamom in Countries Other Than India End Products Research and Development Organizations Concerned with Cardamom Chapter 3. Cashew (E. V. V. Bhaskara Rao and K. R. M. Swamy) Introduction Origin, Evolutionary History, and Distribution Area and Production World Trade of Cashew Economic Botany Taxonomy Cytogenetics Crop Management Planting Technology Pest and Disease Management End Products Use Coated Cashew Kernels Research and Development Organizations Future Outlook Chapter 4. Cinchona (Rajendra Gupta) Origin and Uses Characteristics and Chemistry of Plantation Species Extraction, Production, and Trade Research: Development of Improved Cultivation Practices Diseases and Pests Biotechnical Interventions Future Outlook Chapter 5. Cocoa (R. Vikraman Nair, S. Prasannakumari Amma, and V. K. Mallika) Origin and Spread Area and Production Germplasm Collection Crop Improvement and Management Propagation Field Maintenance Flowering and Fruit Set Plant Protection Harvesting Primary Processing Secondary Processing Research and Development Organizations Manufacturers of Cocoa Products Future Outlook Chapter 6. The Coconut Palm (M. A. Foale and G. R. Ashburner) Origin and Evolutionary History Botany Genetic Improvement Growing Conditions: Agronomy Adaptation to Biotic Factors Coconut Research and Development Organizations (R&D) Prospects for the Future of Coconut Appendix: Contact Information for Research Centers and Institutes Chapter 7. Coffee (J. M. Njoroge, C. O. Agwanda, P. N. Kingori, A. M. Karanja, and M. P. H. Gathaara) Historical Background Genetic Resources Breeding and Selection Breeding Programs Field Management Diseases Pests Effects of Consumer Needs on Adaptation Research and Development Organizations Future Prospects Chapter 8. Oil Palm (M. Wahid Basri, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Maizura Ithnin, and Norman Kamaruddin) Introduction Origin, History, and Distribution Taxonomy and Botany of Oil Palm Growing Conditions Germplasm Collection Germplasm Characterization Genetic Improvement Through Breeding and Selection Scope of Biotechnological Interventions Oil Palm Tissue Culture Pests and Diseases Oil Palm Plantations and the Environment Future Outlook Chapter 9. Palmyra (H. Hameed Khan and A. Sankaralingam) Origin and Distribution Taxonomy Botany Cytogenetics Growing Conditions Product Use in Home and Export Markets Research and Development Organizations Future Outlook Chapter 10. Rubber (Y. Annamma Varghese and Saji T. Abraham) Introduction Natural Rubber: Its Value to Mankind Origin and Distribution Area, Production, and Productivity World Trade in Natural Rubber Botany Physiology of Latex Flow Tapping of the Rubber Tree Latex Biochemistry and Rubber Production Genetic Improvement Genetic Studies Genetic Base and Germplasm Resources Biotechnological Interventions Crop Management Under Different Cropping Systems Diseases and Pests Technological Developments Eco-Friendliness of Rubber Research and Development Organizations Future Prospects Chapter 11. Tea (W. W. D. Modder) Origin and History The Practices of Tea Consumption The Botany of Tea Taxonomy and Genetics Growing Conditions Nutrient Requirements Nursery Practices Crop Management Propagation and Genetic Improvement of Tea Stocks The Evolution of Rational Pest and Disease Management The Variations in Tea Manufacture Tea Production and the Global Trade Value Addition and Product Diversification Research and Development Institutions for Tea The Future Outlook for Tea Chapter 12. Wattle (N. Kumar) Types of Wattle Growing Conditions Utility of Bark and Wood and Soil Fertility Yield Processing of Bark Pests and Diseases Index Reference Notes Included