Bird Ecology and Conservation: a Handbook of Techniques (Record no. 416)
[ view plain ]
| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 14232pam a22002777a 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER | |
| control field | OSt |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20220607163947.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | 220607b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER | |
| International Standard Book Number | 0198520859 |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER | |
| International Standard Book Number | 0198520867 (pbk) |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE | |
| Transcribing agency | CUS |
| 082 00 - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER | |
| Classification number | 598 |
| Item number | SUT/B |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| 9 (RLIN) | 10408 |
| Personal name | Sutherland, William J. |
| 245 00 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Bird Ecology and Conservation: a Handbook of Techniques |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. | New York : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. | Oxford University Press, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2004. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | xv,386p. : |
| Dimensions | 24cm. |
| 440 #0 - SERIES STATEMENT/ADDED ENTRY--TITLE | |
| Title | Techniques in ecology and conservation series ; |
| Volume/sequential designation | 1 |
| 9 (RLIN) | 10410 |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | Formerly CIP. |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE | |
| Formatted contents note | Contents<br/><br/><br/>List of Contributors xvii<br/>1. . Bird diversity survey methods 1<br/>Colin}.Bibby<br/>1.1 Introduction 1<br/>1.2 Designing the fieldwork 3<br/>1.3 Finding the birds 4<br/>1.4 Standardizing the effort by time and space 6<br/>1.5 Standardizing the effort by McKinnon's list method 7<br/>1.6 Atlas studies 8<br/>1.7 Estimating species richness 10<br/>1.8 Conclusion 11<br/>2. Bird census and survey techniques 17<br/>Richard D. Gregory, David W. Gibbons, and Paul F. Donald<br/>2.1 Introduction 17<br/>2.1.1 What are bird surveys and why do we need them? 17<br/>2.1.2 What is monitoring and why do we need it? 18<br/>2.1.3 Useful sources of information 19<br/>2.1.4 Begin at the beginning 20<br/>2.1 .5 Population size or index? 21<br/>2.1.6 Survey boundaries 21<br/>2.1.7 Census or sample? 22<br/>2.1 .8 Sampling strategy 23<br/>2.1.9 Sampling unit 23<br/>2. 1.10 Field methods 23<br/>2.1.11 Accuracy. precision, and bias 23<br/>2.2 2 Sampling strategies 27<br/>2.2.1 1 How many sampling units? 27<br/>2.2.2 Which sampling units tocount? 27<br/>2.2.3 Using stratification 29<br/>2.3 Field methods 35<br/><br/>2.3.1 Mapping 36<br/>2.3.2 Transects 38<br/>2.3.3 Line transec ts 39<br/> <br/>viii I Contents<br/> <br/>2.3.4 Point transects 40<br/>2.3.5 Rules for recording birds in the field 41<br/>2.3.6 Choosing between line and point transects 41<br/>2.3.7 Detection probabilities 42<br/>2.3.8 Colonial birds 44<br/>2.3.9 Counting roosts and flocks 45<br/>2.3.10 Counting leks 46<br/>2.3.11 Counting migrants 46<br/>2.3.12 Capture techniques 47<br/>2.3.13 Tape playback 50<br/>2.3.14 Vocal individuality 51<br/> <br/>2.4 Conclusions 52<br/>3. Breeding biology 57<br/>Rhys E. Green<br/>3.1 I nt roduction 57<br/>3.2 Choosing study areas 58<br/>3.3 Measuring the success of individual breeding attempts 58<br/>3.3.1 Finding and selecting nests 58<br/>3.3.2 Recording the stage of a breeding attempt when it is located 60<br/>3.3.3 Precautions to take so that nest s can be relocated for checking 61<br/>3.3.4 Nest checking 62<br/>3.3.5 Determination of chick survival for species with precocial young 64<br/>3.3.6 [stimation of nest success from nest check data 66<br/>3.4 Determina tion of the proximate causes of breeding failure 67<br/>3.4.1 Signs left at the nest 67<br/>3.4.2 Wax or plasticine eggs in the nests of wild birds 68<br/>3.4.3 Cameras 69<br/>3.4.4 Temperature loggers 70<br/>3.5 Using artificial nests to measure nest success and causes of failure 71<br/>3.6 Measuring annual prod uctivity 72<br/>3.6.1 Whymeasure annual productivity? 72<br/>3.6.2 Productivity from counts after the breeding season 74<br/>3.6.3 Productivity from captures after the breeding season 74<br/>3.6.4 Intensive studies of breeding 75<br/>3.6.5 Indices of productivity from surveys during<br/>the breeding season 76<br/>3.6.6 Use of simulation models 76<br/>3.7 Timing of breeding 76<br/>3.8 Measurements of eggs and chicks 78<br/>3.9 Proximate and ultimate causes of breeding failure 79<br/> <br/>Contents I IX<br/>3.10 Value of experiments to disentangle ultimate and<br/>proximate causes of breeding failure 79<br/>4. Birds in the hand 85<br/>Andrew Gosier<br/>4.1 Introduction 85<br/>4.2 Welfare,ethical,and legislative issues 86<br/>4.3 3 Catching the birds 87<br/>4.3.l The breeding season 89<br/>4.3.2 Cage traps 90<br/>4.3.3 Spring traps 90<br/>4.3.4 A couple of nestbox traps 91<br/>4.3.5 Noose-carpet traps 91<br/>4.3.6 Mist-nets 92<br/>4.3.7 Clap-net s and whoosh-nets 94<br/>4.3.8 Canon-nets 94<br/>4.3.9 9 Capture by hand 94<br/>4.4 Individual marking 95<br/>4 .5 Notes on bird handling 99<br/>4.6 The bird at close quarters 100<br/>4.6.l Ag e and molt 100<br/>4.6.2 S ex 102<br/>4.6.3 Weight 103<br/>4.6.4 Color.for example . UV reflectance 103<br/>4.7 Size 104<br/>4.7. l Body size 104<br/>4.7.2 Wing 104<br/>4.7.3 Tail 106<br/>4.7.4 Tarsus 106<br/>4.7.5 Tarsus -and-toe 108<br/>4.7.6 Bill 108<br/>4.7.7 Total-head 110<br/>4.7.8 Claw. eye-ring. and other measures 110<br/>4.8 Condition 110<br/>4.8.l Asymmetry 110<br/>4.8.2 Relative mass 111<br/>4.8.3 Fat reserves 1ll<br/>4.8.4 M uscle prot ein 113<br/>4.8.5 5 Physiological measures 113<br/>4.8.6 M olt and plumag e 113<br/>4.8.7 Parasites 114<br/>4.9 Biopsy 115<br/> <br/>x \ Contents<br/><br/>5. Estimating survival and movement<br/>James D. Nichols, William L. Kendall, and Michael C. Runge<br/>5.1 I ntroduction<br/>5.2 Tag type and subsequent encounters<br/>5.3 Survival rates<br/>5.3.1 Radio-telemetry<br/>5.3.2 Capture-recapture/ resighting<br/>5.3.3 Band recovery<br/>5.4 Movement<br/>5.4.1 Radio-telemetry<br/>5.4.2 Capture-reca pture/resighting<br/>5.4.3 Band recovery<br/>5.5 Summary and general recommendations<br/> <br/><br/><br/>119<br/><br/>119<br/>120<br/>120<br/>120<br/>124<br/>127<br/>129<br/>129<br/>131<br/>133<br/>134<br/> <br/><br/> <br/>6. Radio-tagging<br/>Robert Kenward<br/>6.1 Introduct ion<br/>6.2 Choice of techniques<br/>6.2.1 Constraints on radio tagging<br/>6.2.2 Applications and advantages<br/>6.2.3 Considerations for tag attachment<br/>6.3 Forward planning<br/>6.3.1 Equipment<br/>6.3.2 M obile tracking<br/>6.3.3 Software<br/>6.4 Approaches<br/>6.4.1 Pilot studies<br/>6.4.2 Recording locations<br/>6.4.3 Using location data<br/>6.4.4 Demography<br/>6.5 The future<br/> <br/>141<br/><br/>141<br/>142<br/>142<br/>143<br/>145<br/>148<br/>148<br/>150<br/>150<br/>151<br/>151<br/>152<br/>154<br/>155<br/>156<br/> <br/><br/> <br/>7. Migration<br/>Susanne Akesson and Anders Hedenstrom<br/>7.1 Introduction<br/>7.2 Migration systems<br/>7.2.1 M ark-recapture<br/>7.2.2 M orphology<br/>7.2.3 Genetic markers<br/>7.2.4 Stable isotopes<br/>7.3 Migration behavior and strategies<br/>7.3.1 Counting and observing migrants<br/> <br/>161<br/><br/>161<br/>161<br/>162<br/>162<br/>163<br/>163<br/>165<br/>165<br/> <br/><br/><br/>7.3.2 Tracking migrants<br/>7.3.3 Remote sensing: infrared device<br/>7.3.4 Remote sensing: radar<br/>7.3.5 Stopover<br/>7.4 Physiology of migration<br/>7.4.1 Body composition<br/>7.4.2 Energetics<br/>7.4.3 Endocrinology<br/>7.5 Flightin wind tunnels<br/>7.6 Orientation and navigation<br/>7.6.1 Emlen funnels<br/>7.6.2 M anipulating sensory input<br/>7.6.3 Displacement experiments<br/>7.6.4 Selection experime nts<br/>7.6.5 Circular statistics<br/>7.7 Modeling migration<br/>7.8 Concluding remarks<br/><br/>8. Information from dead and dying birds<br/>John E. Cooper<br/>8.1 Introduction<br/>8.1.1 Terminology-definitions and explanation<br/>8.1.2 M ethodology -an overview of techniques<br/>8.2 The postmortem examination<br/>8.3 Health and safety<br/>8.4 Postmortem examinations (necropsies)<br/>8.5 Laboratory investigations<br/>8.6 Interpretation of findings<br/>8.7 Legal aspects 8.8 Conclusions<br/><br/>9. Tech niques in physiology and genetics<br/>Alistair Dawson<br/> <br/>Contents I xi<br/>166<br/>167<br/>167<br/>169<br/>169<br/>169<br/>170<br/>171<br/>171<br/>172<br/>172<br/>172<br/>173<br/>174<br/>174<br/>175<br/>176<br/><br/>179<br/><br/>179<br/>181<br/>181<br/>183<br/>185<br/>187<br/>194<br/>199<br/>201<br/>203<br/><br/>211<br/> <br/>9.1 Introduction 211<br/>9.2 Sampling techniques 211<br/>9.2.1 Ethical considerations 211<br/>9.2.2 Legal considerations -catcl1ing wild birdsfor research 212<br/>9.2.3 Legal considerations -scientific experiments on birds 213<br/>9.2.4 Housing and husbandry 216<br/>9.2.5 Blood sampling 217<br/>9.2.6 Administration of substances 218<br/>9.2.7 Anestl1esia 219<br/> <br/><br/><br/><br/>xii I Contents<br/> <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>9.2.8 Implant s 219<br/>9.2.9 Laparotomy 220<br/> <br/>9.3 Ecotoxicology 221<br/>9.4 Endocrinology 222<br/>9.5 Energetics 224<br/>9.6 Molecular genetics 225<br/>10. Diet and foraging behavior 233<br/>William). Sutherland<br/>10.l Introduction 233<br/>10.2 Diet composition 233<br/>10.2.l Direct observation 233<br/>10.2.2 Nest observations 235<br/>10.2.3 Remains and signs 235<br/>10.2.4 Dropping analysis 236<br/>10.2.5 Pellet analysis 239<br/>10.2.6 Stomach analysis 239<br/>10.2.7 Direct observations of crop 240<br/>10.2.8 Regurgitates 240<br/>10.2.9 Cafeteria experiments 240<br/>10.2.10 Morphology 240<br/>10.2.11 Neck ligatures 241<br/>10.2.12 Emetics and flushing 241<br/>10.2.13 Isotope differences between habitats 241<br/>10.3 Determi ning prey size 242<br/>10.3.1 Direct observation of prey size 242<br/>10.3.2 Determining size from prey remains 242<br/>10.3.3 Determining prey size from regurgitates 242<br/>10.3.4 M easuring fragments in pellets, droppings. or stomach 242<br/>10.4 Prey quality 243<br/>10.4.1 Energy content 243<br/>10.4.2 Prey digestibility 244<br/>10.5 Foraging behavior 244<br/>10.5.1 Time budgets 244<br/>10.5.2 Time spent feeding per day 245<br/>10.5.3 Night observations 245<br/>10.5.4 Handling time 246<br/>10.5.5 Intake rate and the functional response 246<br/>10.5.6 Interference 247<br/>10.5.7 Depletion 247<br/>10.5.8 Prey a vailability 248<br/>10.5.9 Exclosures 248<br/>10.5.10 M ate provisioning and brood provisioning rates 249<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> <br/> <br/><br/><br/><br/>11. Habitat assessment <br/>Contents I xiii<br/>251<br/>William). Sutherland and Rhys E. Green <br/>11.1 Introduction 251<br/>11 .1.1 Habitat associations 251<br/>11.1.2 Documenting changes over time 252<br/>11 .2 Protocols 252<br/>11 .3 Physical environment 254<br/>11.3.1 Temperature and thermoregulation 254<br/>11.3.2 Rainfall and soil wetness 255<br/>11.3.3 Slope. aspect. elevation. and topography 255<br/>11.3.4 'Tfpe. chemistry. and penetrability of soils 255<br/>11.3.5 Waterchemistry 256<br/>11.4 Vegetation 257<br/>11.4.1 M apping of broad habitat types 257<br/>11.4.2 Species composition of vegetation 258<br/>11 .4.3 Vegetation architecture 258<br/>11 .5 Quantifying habitat selection 260<br/>11.5.1 Comparing the relative abundance of birds or records of tracked birds in each of several habitats with the relative<br/>areas of the habitats available 260<br/>11.5.2 Relating numbers or densities of individuals or records of tracked birds in spatial units to the habitat composition<br/>of those units 262<br/>11 .5.3 Comparison of habitat at places used by birds with that at places that are representative of the study area or<br/>known tobe unused 262<br/>11 .6 Food abundance and availability 263<br/>11.7 Predator abundance 265<br/>11 .8 Disturba nce 266<br/>12. Conservation management of endangered birds 269<br/>Carl C.Jones<br/>12.1 Introduction 269<br/>12.2 Process in the restoration of endangered species 269<br/>12.2.1 Step one: knowyour species 270<br/>12.2.2 Step two: diagnose causes of population decline<br/>and test remedial action 270<br/>12.2.3 Stage three: intensive management 271<br/>12.2.4 Stagefour: population management 271<br/>12.2.5 Stage five: monitoring 271<br/>12.3 Broad population management approaches 272<br/>12.3.1 Supplemental feeding 273<br/>12.3.2 Enhancing nest-sites and the provision of nest-boxes 274<br/> <br/>xiv I Contents<br/> <br/>12.3.3 Disease control<br/>12.3.4 Predator control<br/> <br/>277<br/>278<br/> <br/>12.4 Intensive management of focal pairs<br/>12.4.1 Close guarding and monitoring of nest s<br/>12.4.2 Clutch and brood manipulations<br/>12.5 Reintroduction and tra nslocations<br/>12.5.1 Reintroduction<br/>12.5.2 Translocations<br/>12.6 Supportive management for bird restoration projects<br/>12.6.1 Role of captive facilities<br/>12.6.2 Model or surrogate species<br/>12.6.3 Artificial incubation and hand-rearing<br/>12.7 Integra ted management<br/>12.8 Discussion<br/> <br/>280<br/>280<br/>281<br/>288<br/>288<br/>290<br/>291<br/>291<br/>292<br/>292<br/>293<br/>293<br/> <br/><br/> <br/>13. Exploitation<br/>Michael C. Runge, William L. Kendall, and James D. Nichols<br/>13.1 I ntroduction: assessment of exploitation<br/>13.1.1 Taking a conservative approach<br/>13.1.2 Minimum estimates of population size<br/>13.1.3 Estimates of harvest levels<br/> <br/>303<br/><br/>303<br/>303<br/>303<br/>304<br/> <br/>13.1.4 Population models and associated param eters 304<br/>13.1.5 The use of trend s 304<br/><br/>13.2 Theoretical basis for sustainable exploitation 305<br/>13.2.1 Logistic growth model with perfect information 305<br/>13.2.2 Incorporating uncertainty: potential biological removal <br/>307<br/>13.2.3 A note about other methods of assessing sustainability 309<br/>13.3 Harvest control and managemen t objectives 310<br/>13.3.1 Harvest management strategies 310<br/>13.3.2 H arvest management objectives 311<br/>13.4 Assessing harvest levels 312<br/>13.4.1 Total harvest (H ) versus harvest rate (h) 3l2<br/>13.4.2 Harvest estimation when harvest is legal and observable 312<br/>13.4.3 Harvest estimation when harvest is illegal 314<br/>13.4.4 Measuring harvest rate 315<br/>13.5 Assessing population size 316<br/>13.5.1 Overview 316<br/>13.5.2 Coping with uncertainty 316<br/> <br/>13.6 Assessing population dynamics<br/>13.6.1 M aximum growth rate (rmoJ<br/>13.6.2 Other asp ects of density depend ence<br/>13.6.3 Other driving forces<br/>13.6.4 M odel structure<br/> <br/>317<br/>317<br/>318<br/>320<br/>320<br/> <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>13.7 Addressing uncertainty Contents I xv<br/>322<br/>13.7.1 M otivation 322<br/>13.7.2 Management experiments 322<br/>13.7.3 Ada ptive management 323<br/>14. Habitat management 329<br/>M alcolm Ausden <br/>14.1 I ntroduction 329<br/>14.2 Deciding wha t to do 330<br/>14.3 Monitoring 333<br/>14.4 General principles of managing habitats for birds 334<br/> 14.4.1 Factors influencing habitat use by birds 334<br/> 14.4.2 Taking account of the requirement s of non-bird species 335<br/> 14.4.3 Controlling unwanted plants 336<br/> 14.4.4 Taking account of predicted climate change 337<br/>14.5 Managing grasslands 337<br/> 14.5.1 Introduction 337<br/> 14.5.2 Effects of cutting and burning on sward condition 338<br/> 14.5.3 Effects of grazing on sward condition 339<br/> 14.5.4 Minimizing nest and chick loss during management 341<br/> 14.5.5 Using fertilizer 342<br/> 14.5.6 Hydrology of wet grasslands 343<br/>14.6 Managing dwarf shrub habita ts 344<br/>14.7 Managing forests and scrub 345<br/> 14.7.1 Introduction 345<br/> 14.7.2 Grazing and browsing 347<br/> 14.7.3 Burning 348<br/> 14.7.4 Planting and harvesting regimes 349<br/> 14.7.5 Thinning and creating gaps 350<br/> 14.7.6 Increasing the quantity of dead wood 351<br/>14.8 Ma naging deep water 351<br/>14.9 Ma naging wetlands<br/>14.9.1 M anipulating the pro portions of open water. 352<br/> ruderal vegetation. and swamp 352<br/> 14.9.2 Increasing food abundancefor birds in shallow freshwater 353<br/> 14.9.3 Increasing food abundance for birds in shallow brackish <br/> and saline water 355<br/> 14.9.4 Increasing accessibility of food for birds in shallow water 356<br/> 14.9.5 Providing islands and raft s 357<br/> 14.9.6 M anaging reedbeds 357<br/> 14.9.7 Scrub 360<br/> 14.9.8 Wet woodlands 360<br/>14.10 Managing intertidal habitats 360<br/>14.11 Managing arable land and hedgerows 361<br/><br/> |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Birds |
| General subdivision | Conservation. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 10411 |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Birds |
| General subdivision | Ecology. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 10412 |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Ornithology |
| General subdivision | Methodology. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 10413 |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Newton, Ian |
| Relator term | Editor |
| 9 (RLIN) | 10414 |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Green, Rhys E. |
| Relator term | Editor |
| 9 (RLIN) | 10415 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Koha item type | Reference Books |
| Source of classification or shelving scheme | |
| Withdrawn status | Lost status | Damaged status | Not for loan | Collection code | Home library | Current library | Shelving location | Date acquired | Total Checkouts | Full call number | Barcode | Date last seen | Date last checked out | Price effective from | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not For Loan | Reference Collection | Central Library, Sikkim University | Central Library, Sikkim University | Reference | 13/04/2016 | 1 | 598 SUT/B | P40065 | 23/09/2022 | 13/04/2016 | 13/04/2016 | Reference Books | |||
| Not For Loan | Reference Collection | Central Library, Sikkim University | Central Library, Sikkim University | Reference | 13/04/2016 | 598 SUT/B | P40064 | 23/09/2022 | 13/04/2016 | Reference Books |