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THE HISTORICAL LEGACY OF CHINA'S<br/>RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS,<br/>Introduction,<br/>History,<br/>Society,<br/>Geography,<br/>Divinity or Divination,<br/>THE OPIUM OF THE PEOPLE:<br/>RELIGION, SCIENCE, AND MODERNITY, 31<br/>Historical Background,<br/>Independent, Not Servile,<br/>Progressive, Not Conservative,<br/>Aggressive, Not Retiring,<br/>Cosmopolitan, Not Isolationist,<br/>Questioning Modernity,<br/>Contemporary Chinese Religions,<br/>3 LOCAL RELIGION IN<br/>CONTEMPORARY CHIN^<br/>Introduction<br/>Outline of the Religious Scene in South China Villages,<br/>Lineage Activities and Temple Festivals<br/>Variation and Diversity<br/>Continuities and Discontinuities of Traditions,<br/>Villages and Lineages in South China:<br/>Village Gods<br/>Ghosts,<br/>Interconnection between Villages,<br/>Contemporary Situation<br/>Lion Dance and Lineage Activities in Northwest<br/>Guangdong,<br/>Dragon Parade and Lineage Activities in Western Fujian<br/>The Temple Festival of the Five Old Buddhas<br/>The Jiao Ritual in Qigong, Northwest Guangdong:<br/>Concluding Remarks,<br/>BUDDHISM AND ECONOMIC REFORM<br/>IN MAINLAND CHINA,<br/>Introduction, 85<br/>The Economic Situation of Chinese Buddhist Monasteries,<br/>The Impact of the Market Economy on Buddhism,<br/>Reforming Buddhist Studies in China,<br/>The Sangha in Chinese Society,<br/>Buddhism and Globalization,<br/>DAOIST MONASTICISM IN<br/>CONTEMPORARY CHINA,<br/>Historical Background,<br/>Daily Prayer in the Complete Perfection Order,<br/>The Structure of the Daily Prayers,<br/>The Daoist Synthesis of the Three Religions,<br/>Reinterpretation of Ancient Chinese Mythic Images,<br/>Conclusiori<br/>SHAMANISM IN CONTEMPORARY TAIWAN,<br/>Introduction<br/>Mazu and Han Taiwanese Identity,<br/>What Is Shamanism?<br/>The Legacy of Chinese Shamanism,<br/>Taiwanese Shamanism and Performance:<br/>Beliefs and Practices<br/>Spirit Writing<br/>Self-Mortifica tion.<br/>Types of Mediums,<br/>Spirit Youth,<br/>Daoist Ritual Masters,<br/>True Talents<br/>Spirit Diviners,<br/>Conclusion<br/>Case Studies,<br/>Mr. Tai<br/>Mrs. Zhang,<br/>References,<br/>7 BODY CULTIVATION IN<br/>CONTEMPORARY CHINA:<br/>Body Cultivation in Traditional China,<br/>The Birth of Qigong,<br/>Mass Qigong,<br/>Ecstatic and Charismatic Qigong,<br/>Qigong Science,<br/>Qigong Fever,<br/>End of Utopia,<br/>Apocalyptic Qigong,<br/>Conclusion,<br/>References,<br/>8 PROTESTANT CHRISTIANITY IN<br/>CONTEMPORARY CHINA,<br/>Historical and Political Background,<br/>Early Encounters,<br/>Protestantism in Pre-1949 China,<br/>Protestantism in China after 1949: The Formation<br/>of the Three-Self Patriotic Movement,<br/>Protestantism under Leftist Politics,<br/>Protestantism after the Cultural Revolution,<br/>Political and Institutional Framework,<br/>The Protestant Population in Today's China,<br/>Varieties of Protestantism in China,<br/>Aspects for Analysis,<br/>Inadequate Views,<br/>A Nuanced View,<br/>Types of Protestant Communities in China<br/>Three-Self versus House Church?,<br/>A Fourfold Typology,<br/>Protestant Communities in China Today,<br/>Special Varieties of Protestantism in China,<br/>New Sects and Cults,<br/>Cultural Christians,<br/>Protestantism and Chinese Popular Religion.<br/>Official and Popular Protestantism,<br/>Affinities and Interactions between Chinese<br/>Protestantism and Chinese Popular Religion<br/>Healing,<br/>Exorcism,<br/>Morality,<br/>Retribution and Reciprocity,<br/>Conclusion,<br/>References,<br/>WOMEN IN CONTEMPORARY<br/>CHINESE RELIGIONS<br/>Introduction;<br/>Folk Religion,<br/>Confucianism,<br/>Buddhism,<br/>Universal Aspects,<br/>China,<br/>Taiwan,<br/>Daoism,<br/>Conclusion,<br/>References,<br/>CONTEMPORARY CHINESE<br/>AMERICAN RELIGIOUS LIFE,<br/>Historical Context,<br/>The Early Period,<br/>From "Melting Pot" to "Religious Pluralism,'<br/>Early Period Case Study: The Temple of Kwan Tai,<br/>History of the Temple,<br/>Description of the Temple,<br/>Contemporary Period Case Study:<br/>Ma-Tsu Temple U.S.A.,<br/>Ritual Tradition and Veneration,<br/>Creating Common Culture?,<br/>The Globalization of Chinese Religious Life<br/>in America,<br/>Tzu Chi Compassion Relief Society,<br/>Teo Chew Association,<br/>Conclusion,<br/>11 CHINESE TRADITIONS IN<br/>EURO-AMERICAN SOCIETY<br/>Introduction;<br/>Western Scholarship on Chinese Religions,<br/>1940S-1970S: The Birth of "American Daoism,"<br/>Chao-Li Chi and the Taoist Sanctuary,<br/>Al Huang and Alan Watts,<br/>The 1970s; The Organization of American Daoism,<br/>Hua-Ching Ni,<br/>Mantak Chia and Healing Tao,<br/>May Lin-Shin and Taoist Tai Chi,<br/>Liu Ming and Orthodox Daoism in America,<br/>The Practice of American Daoism,<br/>Reading Chinese Classics as an American Daoist Practice,<br/>Body Practice in American Daoism,<br/>Health and Medicine in American Daoism,<br/>The Future of Chinese Traditions in Euro-American<br/>Society,<br/>The Fluidity of American Daoism,<br/>References,<br/>12 CONFUCIAN SPIRITUALITY IN<br/>AN ECOLOGICAL AGE,<br/>The Contemporary Invention of Confucian Spirituality<br/>The Ecological Turn in New Confucian Spirituality,<br/>Ecology, Spirituality, and Modernity, |