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Introduction: Birds and Birdwatching<br/> Ratites: Ostrich, Emu, Cassowaries, Rheas, and Kiwis<br/> Tinamous<br/> Penguins<br/> Loons<br/> Grebes<br/> Albatrosses<br/> Petrels and Shearwaters <br/> Storm-petrels; Diving-petrels<br/> Tropicbirds; Frigatebirds<br/> Pelicans<br/> Boobies and Gannets <br/> Cormorants; Anhingas<br/> Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns<br/> Storks; Shoebill; Hamerkop<br/> Ibises and Spoonbills<br/> Flamingos; Screamers<br/> Ducks, Geese, and Swans<br/> New World Vultures<br/> Hawks, Eagles, and Kites; Osprey; Secretary-bird<br/> Falcons<br/> Megapodes<br/> Pheasants, Grouse, and Partridges; Buttonquail<br/> New World Quail<br/> Curassows, Guans, and Chachalacas<br/> Guineafowl; Turkeys<br/> Rails, Gallinules, and Coots<br/> Cranes<br/> Limpkin; Trumpeters; Seriemas <br/> Sungrebes; Sunbittern; Kagu; Mesites<br/> Bustards<br/> Jacanas<br/> Sandpipers, Phalaropes, and Snipes; Painted-snipes<br/> Plovers and Lapwings<br/> Thick-knees; Seedsnipes; Plains-wanderer<br/> Oystercatchers; Crab-plover<br/> Stilts and Avocets; Ibisbill<br/> Pratincoles and Coursers<br/> Gulls and Terns<br/> Skuas; Skimmers; Sheathbills<br/> Puffins and Auks<br/> Sandgrouse<br/> Pigeons and Doves<br/> Parrots<br/> Cockatoos<br/> Turacos<br/> Cuckoos<br/> Ground-cuckoos; Anis; Hoatzin<br/> Owls<br/> Nightjars<br/> Frogmouths; Owlet-Nightjars; Potoos; Oilbird<br/> Swifts; Treeswifts<br/> Hummingbirds<br/> Mousebirds<br/> Trogons<br/> Kingfishers<br/> Todies<br/> Motmots<br/> Bee-eaters<br/> Rollers; Ground-Rollers; Cuckoo-Roller<br/> Hornbills<br/> Jacamars; Woodhoopoes; Hoopoes<br/> Puffbirds<br/> Barbets<br/> Toucans<br/> Honeyguides <br/> Woodpeckers<br/> Pittas<br/> Broadbills; Asities; New Zealand Wrens <br/> Woodcreepers <br/> Ovenbirds <br/> Antbirds <br/> Tapaculos; Gnateaters<br/> Cotingas<br/> Manakins<br/> New World Flycatchers<br/> Creepers; Australasian Treecreepers; Philippine Creepers (Rhabdornises)<br/> Lyrebirds; Scrub-birds<br/> Bowerbirds<br/> Fairy-wrens and Grasswrens<br/> Thornbills, Scrubwrens, and Pardalotes<br/> Honeyeaters and Australian Chats<br/> Australasian Robins<br/> Whistlers<br/> Logrunners; Australasian Babblers; Australian Mudnesters; New Zealand Wattlebirds<br/> Whipbirds, Quail-thrushes, and Jewel-babblers<br/> Monarch Flycatchers and Fantails<br/> Drongos<br/> Jays, Crows, Ravens, and Magpies<br/> Birds-of-Paradise<br/> Woodswallows<br/> Butcherbirds and Currawongs; Magpie-larks<br/> Leafbirds, Ioras, and Fairy-bluebirds<br/> Old World Orioles<br/> Cuckoo-shrikes, Trillers, and Minivets<br/> Vireos<br/> Shrikes; Helmetshrikes<br/> Bushshrikes<br/> Vangas<br/> Wattle-eyes, Batises, and Shrike-flycatchers<br/> Waxwings; Silky-flycatchers; Palmchat<br/> Thrushes; Dippers<br/> Old World Flycatchers<br/> Starlings, Mynas, and Oxpeckers<br/> Mockingbirds and Thrashers<br/> Nuthatches; Sittellas<br/> Wrens<br/> Gnatcatchers; Kinglets<br/> Parrotbills; Penduline Tits<br/> Long-tailed Tits<br/> Tits and Chickadees<br/> Swallows<br/> Bulbuls; Hypocolius<br/> White-eyes<br/> Cisticolas, Prinias, and Apalises<br/> Old World Warblers<br/> Babblers; Rockfowl<br/> Larks<br/> Old World Sparrows<br/> Weavers<br/> Waxbills<br/> Indigobirds and Whydahs<br/> Wagtails and Pipits<br/> Accentors<br/> Sugarbirds; Flowerpeckers; Berrypeckers<br/> Sunbirds and Spiderhunters<br/> Finches, Siskins, Crossbills, and Canaries<br/> Hawaiian Honeycreepers<br/> Wood Warblers<br/> Flowerpiercers; Conebills<br/> Tanagers<br/> New World Sparrows and Old World Buntings<br/> Cardinals, Saltators, and Grosbeaks<br/> New World Blackbirds<br/> Avian Diversity and Biogeography <br/> 1. Avian diversity: How many kinds of birds are there?<br/> 2. How does bird diversity compare with that of other vertebrate groups?<br/> 3. There are vast numbers of individual birds, but why is there great variation among <br/> species in numbers of individuals?<br/> 4. Why are bird species distributed unevenly among various families - that is, why are <br/> some families large, others small?<br/> 5. Avian biogeography: How are bird species distributed?<br/> A. Zoogeographic regions - describing bird distributions.<br/> B. The tropics - where most birds occur.<br/> C. Islands - size and distance matter.<br/> D. Endemics - some birds occur in very limited areas.<br/> 6. Decline in avian diversity: Environmental threats.<br/> A. How many birds are threatened and what are the main threats?<br/> B. Which kinds of birds are threatened, and where are they located? |
