| Formatted contents note |
Contents<br/>Foreword<br/>Acknowledgments<br/>Statistical Partners<br/>Guide for Users<br/>Highlights of Key Indicators 2010<br/><br/>PART I - SPECIAL CHAPTER<br/>The Rise of Asia's Middle Class<br/>1. Introduction.<br/><br/>2. Asia's Emerging Middle Class: Past, Present, and Future<br/>A. Defining the Middle Class<br/>B. The Size and Growth of Developing Asia's Middle Class<br/>C. Results from Household Surveys in Selected Countries<br/>D. The Role of Perception<br/>E. Projections of the Size of the Asian Middle Class<br/><br/>3. The Middle Class and Their Values: A Profile<br/>A. Profile of the Middle Class<br/>B. Middle-Class Values<br/><br/>4. Determinants of Middle Class Emergence<br/>A. Economic Growth and Income Distribution<br/>B. Jobs and Education<br/>C. Mobility and Vulnerability<br/>D. Cross-Country Determinants of Middle-Class Growth<br/><br/>5. Implications of Middle-Class Growth<br/>A. Expanding Markets for Consumer Durables<br/>B. Frugal Innovation<br/>C. Greater Accountability in Public Services<br/>D. Economic Growth<br/><br/>6. Adverse Consequences of the Rise of the Asian Middle Class.<br/>A. Environmental Stress<br/>B. Health Burdens<br/><br/>7. Conclusion<br/>References<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>Appendices<br/>Appendix 1 Data Sources for Estimating the Size of the Asian Middle Class, 1990-2008<br/>Appendix 2 Data Sources and Methodology for Projections to 2030<br/>Appendix 3 Data Sample and Index Creation for World Values Survey Analysis<br/>Appendix 4 Data Sources for Estimating the Cross-Country Determinants of<br/>Per Capita Consumption Growth, 1985-2006<br/>Appendix Tables<br/>Appendix Table 1 Countries Included in Regional Aggregate Data<br/>Appendix Table 2 Countries, Regions, and Sectors in Computable General Equilibrium<br/>Model Used for Projections<br/>Appendix Table 3 Composition of Values Indexes<br/>Tables<br/>Table 2.1 Summary Statistics of Population, Class Size, and Total Expenditures by Region<br/>(1990 and 2008 based on household survey means)<br/>Table 2.2 Summary Statistics of Population, Class Size, and Total Expenditures bv^^^^^<br/>(1990 and 2008 National Account Means) ^<br/>Table 2.3 Size of Middle Class by Country, Most Recent Survey Year<br/>(based on household survey means)<br/>Table 2.4 Changes in the Relative and Absolute Size of Middle Class, aiid Clhange^<br/>Aggregate Monthly Expenditure of the Middle Class, by Country<br/>(1990-2008, based on household survey means)<br/>Table 2.5 Population Distribution (%) by Income Per Person Per Day (2()()5"$ ppp"<br/>Table 2.6 Population Distribution (%) by Expenditure Per Person Per Day (2005 s'ppp^ Ind "<br/>Table 2.7 Population Distribution (%) by Expenditure Per Person Per Day (2005 $ PPP<br/>Table 2.8 Population Distribution (%) by Expenditure Per Person Per Day (2005 $ PPP p^<br/>Table 2.9 Percentage Change in Aggregate Real Household Expenditures Between 201^3^'"^'<br/>Baseline Consensus Growth Scenario 4030 for<br/>Table 2.10 GDP Results (% change from baseline G1 in 2030)<br/>Table 2.11 Real Aggregate Consumption Results (% change from basehneGrin 203m<br/>Table 3.1 Population Distribution by Economic Group and Employment Type<br/>(India, 2004-05; Philippines, 2006; and People's Republic of China 20021<br/>Table 3.2 Hou.sehold Distribution (%) by Occupation of Chief Wage Earner and<br/>Per Capita Expenditure Class, India (2004-05)<br/>Table 3.3 Hoirsehold Distribution (%) by Occupation of Household Head and<br/>Per Capita Expenditure Class, Philippines (2006)<br/>Table 3.4 Household Distribution (%) by Occupation of Household Head and<br/>Per Capita Income Class, People's Republic of China (2002)..<br/>Table 3.5 Household Distribution (%) by Industry of Household Head and<br/>Per Capita Expenditure Class, Indonesia (2009)<br/>Table 3.6 Class Progres.sivity in Values Regressions<br/>Table 4.1 Distribution of "Panel" Hoirseholds by Expenditure Class, Philinnines onm<br/>Table 4.2 Distribution of Panel Hou.seholds Across Major Sources of Income, Philin '<br/>Table 4.3 Probit Estimates of the Probability of Middle-Class Households in 2003 (2003 and 2006)<br/>Moving into Poverty by 2006, Philippines<br/>Table 4.4 Determinants of Changes in Size of the Middle Class Across Countries (1985-900^<br/>Table 5.1 Distribution of Households by Class and by Ownership of Selected Durables ^<br/>Table 5.2 Determinants of Growth in Per Capita Consumption Across Countries (1985-2on<br/>Table 5.3 Determinants of Average Schooling Years Across Countries (1985-2006)<br/>Table 6.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions (1990 and 2004)<br/>Figures<br/>Figure 2.1<br/>Figure 2.2<br/>Figure 2.3<br/>Figure 2.4<br/>Figure 2.5<br/>Figure 2.6<br/>Figure 2.7<br/>Figure 2.8<br/>Figure 2.9<br/>Figure 2.10<br/>Figure 2.11<br/>Figure 3.1<br/>Figure 3.2<br/>Figure 3.3<br/>Figure 3.4<br/>Figure 3.5<br/>Figure 4.1<br/>Figure 5.1<br/>Figure 5.2<br/>Figure 6.1<br/>Figure 6.2<br/>Figure 6.3<br/>Change in Size of Middle Class By Region<br/>(1990-2008, based on household survey means)<br/>Share of Different World Regions in Global Middle Class and<br/>Global Middle Class Consumption (2009, %)<br/>Size of the Chinese Middle Class (1995-2007, million)<br/>Size of the Indian Middle Class (1993-2004, million)<br/>Size of the Indonesian Middle Class (1999 and 2009, million)<br/>Size of the Philippine Middle Class (1988-2006, million)<br/>Self Identification as Middle Class (2001-07)<br/>Self Identification as Middle Class, PRC and India<br/>Middle Class Emergence to 2030 (>$2.00 income per person per day)<br/>Middle Class Emergence to 2030 (>$4.00 income per person per day)<br/>Baseline Income Distributions for Consensus Real GDP Growth Trends<br/>(% of population in each income group)<br/>Average Hou.sehold Size by Per Capita Expenditure Class and Country<br/>Mean Percentage Share of Household Expenditure Spent on Education and<br/>Health by Per Capita Expenditure Class by Country, (2000-2004)<br/>Occupation and Sector of Employment of the Middle Class (2001-07)<br/>Education of the Self-Identified Middle Class (2001-07)<br/>Differences in Values by Class Across Regions<br/>Change in Poverty Across 116 Developing Countries by Poverty Line (1990-2005)<br/>Ownership Rates of Selected Consumer Durables by Per Capita Expenditure Decile<br/>Changes in the Size of the Middle Class against the Initial Level of Consumption Per Capita<br/>(1985-2006)<br/>Per capita Water Consumption (1997-2001, cubic meters)<br/>Average Calorie and Fat Intake, India (1972-73 to 2004-05)<br/>Diabetes Prevalence Worldwide (2010 and 2030. %)<br/>Boxes<br/>Box 1 Driving Rural Middle Class Growth: Township and Village Enterprises in the PRC<br/>Box 2 Elite Formation in C^olonial India<br/>Box 3 Migration, the Middle Class, and the Role of Remittances in Poverty Reduction<br/>Box 4 The Middle Class and Sex Ratios at Birth<br/>Box 5 Fostering a Middle Class—Korea's Economic Transition<br/>Box 6 PRC, Indian Investment and Inheritance Patterns Raise Inequality Concerns<br/>Box 7 Philippines Public Spending Apt to Benefit Middle Class over the Poor<br/>Box Tables<br/>Box Table 1.1 Employment and the Ri.se of TVEs in the Rural Areas, 1980-2008 (million)<br/>Box Table 6.1 Patterns of Bequests<br/>Box Table 6.2 Asset Portfolios and Debt Patterns<br/>Box Figures<br/>Box Figure 7.1 Proportion of Households that Have at Least One Member Who has Philhealth Coverage.<br/><br/><br/>PART II - Millennium Development Goals<br/>Introduction to the Millennium Development Goals<br/>Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger<br/>Table 1.1 Target l.A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people<br/>whose income is less than one dollar a day<br/>Table 1.2 Target LB: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all,<br/>including women and young people<br/>Table 1.3 Target l.C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people<br/>who suffer from hunger<br/>Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education<br/>Table 2.1 Target 2.A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike,<br/>will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling<br/>Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women<br/>Table 3.1 Target 3.A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education,<br/>preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education not later than 2015<br/>Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality .'<br/>Table 4.1 Target 4.A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015,<br/>the under-five mortality rate<br/>Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health<br/>Table 5.1 Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015,<br/>the maternal mortality ratio<br/>Table 5.2 Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health<br/>Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases<br/>Table 6.1 forget 6.A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS<br/>Table 6.2 Target 6.B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HlV/AlDS<br/>for all those who need it<br/>Table 6.3 Target 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence<br/>of malaria and other major diseases<br/>Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability<br/>Table 7.1 Target 7.A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies<br/>and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources<br/>Table 7.2 Target 7.B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010,<br/>a significant reduction in the rate of loss<br/>Table 7.3 Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access<br/>to safe drinking water and basic sanitation<br/>Table 7.4 Target 7.D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives<br/>of at least 100 million slum dwellers<br/>Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development<br/>Table 8.1 Target 8.D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems<br/>of developing countries through national and inten nal measures<br/>in order to make debt sustainable in the long term<br/>Table 8.2 Target 8.F: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits<br/>of new technologies, especially information and communications<br/>Millennium Development Goals—Figures<br/>Figure 1.1<br/>Figure 1.2<br/>Figure 1.3<br/>Figure 2.1<br/>Figure 2.2<br/>Figure 2.3<br/>Figure 3.1<br/>Figure 3.2<br/>Figure 3.3<br/>Figure 3.4<br/>Figure 4.1<br/>Figure 4.2<br/>Figure 4.3<br/>Figure 4.4<br/>Figure 5.1<br/>Figure 5.2<br/>Figure 5.3<br/>Figure 5.4<br/>Figure 6.1<br/>Figure 6.2<br/>Figure 6.3<br/>Figure 7.1<br/>Figure 7.2<br/>Figure 7.3<br/>Figure 7.4<br/>Figure 8.1<br/>Figure 8.2<br/>Figure 8.3<br/>Economies with More than 10% of Population Living on Less than $1.25 a Day, Latest Year...<br/>Economies with More than 10% of Population below the Minimal Level of Dietary<br/>Consumption, Latest Year<br/>Percentage of Own-Account and Contributing Family Workers in Total Employment<br/>Total Net Enrollment Ratios in Primary Education, 1999 and 2008 or Nearest Year<br/>Percentage of Children Starting Grade 1 and Reaching Last Grade of Primary,<br/>1999 and 2007 or Nearest Year<br/>Percentage of Literate 15-24 year olds by Gender, 2008 or Nearest Year<br/>Primary Education Female-Male Enrollment Ratios, 2008 or Nearest Year<br/>Secondary Education Female-Male Enrollment Ratios, 2008 or Nearest Year<br/>Tertiary Education Eemale-Male Enrollment Ratios, 2008 or Nearest Year<br/>Percentage of Seats Held by Women in National Parliaments, 2000 and 2010 or Nearest Year.<br/>Under-Eive Mortality Rates, 1990 and 2008 (per 1,000 live births)<br/>Infant Mortality Rates, 1990 and 2008 (per 1,000 live births)<br/>Percentage of 1-Year-Old Children Immunized Against Measles, 2000 and 2008<br/>Under-Eive Mortality Rates and Immunization Against Measles<br/>Maternal Mortality Ratio, 2005 or Latest Year (per 100,000 live births)<br/>Percentage of Births Attended by Skilled Health Personnel, 1995 and 2007 or Nearest Years...<br/>Maternal Deaths and Births Attended by Skilled Health Personnel, 2007 or Latest Year<br/>Percentage of Live Births with at Least One Antenatal Care Visit, Latest Year<br/>Number of Adults Living witb HIV, 2007 (per thousand population)<br/>Percentage of the Population with Advanced HIV Infection with Access<br/>to Antiretroviral Drugs, 2006 and 2007<br/>Death Rates As.sociated with Tuberculosis, 1990 and 2008 (per 100,000 population)<br/>Percentage of Protected Terrestrial and Marine Areas, 1990 and 2009<br/>Per Capita Emissions of Carbon Dioxide, 1990 and 2007 or Nearest Year (metric tons)<br/>Per Capita Emissions of Carbon Dioxide in Live Industrialized Countries<br/>and in the Live Most Populous Countries of Asia, 2007 (metric tons)<br/>Percentage of the Total Population with Access to Improved Water and Sanitation,<br/>2008 or Latest Year .\<br/>Debt Service as a Percentage of Exports of Goods and Services,<br/>1990, 2000, and 2008 or Nearest Years 1<br/>Telephone Lines and Cellular Phone Subscriptions, 2009 or Latest Year (per 100 population).<br/>Internet Users, 2009 (per 100 population)<br/>Millennium Development Goals—Boxes<br/>Box 1.1<br/>Box 1.2<br/>Box 2.1<br/>Box 2.2<br/>Box 3.1<br/>Box 3.2<br/>Box 3.3<br/>Box 4.1<br/>Box 4.2<br/>Box 5.1<br/>Box 5.2<br/>Box 6.1<br/>Box 7.1<br/>Box 7,2<br/>Progress toward Achieving the $1.25-a-day Target<br/>Progress toward the Hunger Target<br/>Progress toward Primary School Enrollment<br/>Progress toward Survival to Last Grade of Primary<br/>Progress toward Target for Gender Equality in Primary Education<br/>Progress toward Target for Gender Equality in Secondary Education<br/>Progress toward Target for Gender Equality in Tertiary Education<br/>Progress toward Target for Under 5 Mortality Rate<br/>Progress toward Target for Infant Mortality Rate<br/>Progress toward Target of Birth Attendance by Skilled Health Personnel<br/>Progress toward Target of at Least One Antenatal Care Visit<br/>Incidence of Malaria, 2008 (per 100,000 population)<br/>Progress toward Target for Proportion of Population with Access to Improved Drinking Water.<br/>Progress toward Target for Proportion of Population Using Improved Sanitation Eacilities<br/><br/><br/><br/>PART III - Regional Tables<br/>Introduction to Regional Tables<br/>People<br/>Population<br/>Table 1.1 Midyear Population<br/>Table 1.2 Growth Rates in Population<br/>Table 1.3 Migration and Urbanization<br/>Table 1.4 Population Aged 0-14 Years<br/>Table 1.5 Population Aged 15-64 Years<br/>Table 1.6 Population Aged 65 Years and Over<br/>Table 1.7 Age Dependency Ratio<br/>Labor Force and Employment<br/>Table 1.8 Labor Force Participation Rate<br/>Table 1.9 Unemployment Rate<br/>Table 1.10 Unemployment Rate of 15-24-Year-Olds<br/>Table 1.11 Employment in Agriculture<br/>Table 1.12 Employment in Industry<br/>Table 1.13 Employment in Services<br/>Poverty Indicators<br/>Table 1.14 Poverty and Inequality<br/>Table 1.15 Human Development Index<br/>Social Indicators<br/>Table 1.16 Life Expectancy at Birth<br/>Table 1.17 Births, Deaths, and Fertility<br/>Table 1.18 Primary Education Completion Rate<br/>Table 1.19 Adult Literacy Rate<br/>Table 1.20 Education Resources<br/>Table 1.21 Health Care Re.sources<br/>Table 1.22 Estimated Number of Adults Living with HIV<br/>Economy and Output<br/>National Accounts ^<br/>Table 2.1 Gross Dome.stic Product at PPP<br/>Table 2.2 GDP Per Capita at PPP<br/>Table 2.3 GNI Per Capita, Atlas Method<br/>Table 2.4 Agriculture Value Added<br/>Table 2.5 Industry Value Added<br/>Table 2.6 Services Value Added<br/>Table 2.7 Private Consumption Expenditure<br/>Table 2.8 Government Consumption Expenditure<br/>Table 2.9 Gross Domestic Capital Formation<br/>Table 2.10 Exports of Goods and Services<br/>Table 2.11 Imports of Goods and Services :<br/>Table 2.12 Gross Domestic Saving<br/>Table 2.13 Growth Rates of Real GDP<br/>Table 2.14 Growth Rates of Real GDP Per Capita<br/>Table 2.15 Growth Rates of Agriculture Real Value Added<br/>Table 2.16 Growth Rates of Industry Real Value Added<br/>Table 2.17 Growth Rates of Services Real Value Added<br/>Table 2.18 Growth Rates of Real Private Consumption Expenditure<br/>Table 2.19 Growth Rates of Real Government Consumption Expenditure.<br/>Table 2.20 Growth Rates of Real Gross Domestic Capital Formation<br/>Table 2.2 1 Growth Rates of Real Exports of Goods and Services<br/>Table 2.22 Growth Rates of Real Imports of Goods and Services<br/>Production<br/>Table 2.23 Growth Rates of Agriculture Production Index<br/>Table 2.24 Growth Rates of Manufacturing Production Index<br/>Money, Finance, and Prices<br/>Prices<br/>Table 3.1 Growth Rates of Consumer Price Index<br/>Table 3.2 Growth Rates of Food Consumer Price Index<br/>Table 3.3 Growth Rates of Wholesale/Producer Price Index<br/>Table 3.4 Growth Rates of GDP Deflator.<br/>Money and Finance<br/>Table 3.5 Growth Rates of Money Supply (M2)<br/>Table 3.6 Money Supply (M2)<br/>Table 3.7 Interest Rate on Savings Deposits<br/>Table 3.8 Interest Rate on Time Deposits of 12 Months<br/>Table 3.9 Lending Interest Rate<br/>Table 3.10 Yield on Short-Term Treasury Bills<br/>Table 3.11 Domestic Credit Provided by Banking Sector<br/>Table 3.12 Bank Nonperfoming Loans<br/>Table 3.13 Growth Rates of Stock Market Price Index<br/>Table 3.14 Stock Market Capitalization (US$ million)<br/>Table 3.15 Stock Market Capitalization (percent of GDP)<br/>Exchange Rates<br/>Table 3.16 Official Exchange Rate<br/>Table 3.17 Purchasing Power Parity Conversion Factor<br/>Table 3.18 Price Level Indexes<br/>Globalization<br/>Balance of Payments<br/>Table 4.1 Trade in Goods Balance<br/>Table 4.2 Trade in Services Balance<br/>Table 4.3 Current Account Balance<br/>Table 4.4 Workers' Remittances and Compensation of Employees, Receipts (US$ million)<br/>Table 4.5 Workers' Remittances and Compensation of Employees, Receipts (percent of GDP)...<br/>Table 4.6 Foreign Dirict Investment, Net Inflows (US$ million)<br/>Table 4.7 Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows (percent of GDP)<br/>External Trade<br/>Table 4.8 Merchandise Exports<br/>Table 4.9 Growth Rates of Merchandise Exports<br/>Table 4.10 Merchandise Imports<br/>Table 4.11 Growth Rates of Merchandise Imports<br/>Table 4.12 Trade in Goods<br/>Table 4.13 Direction of Trade: Merchandise Exports<br/>Table 4.14 Direction of Trade: Merchandise Imports<br/>International Reserves<br/>Table 4.15 International Reserves<br/>Table 4.16 Ratio of International Reserves to Imports<br/>Capital Flows<br/>Table 4.17 Official Flows from All Sources to Developing Member Countries<br/>Table 4.18 Net Private Flows from All Sources to Developing Member Countries<br/>Table 4.19 Aggiegate Net Resource Flows from All Sources to Developing Member Countries.<br/>External Indebtedness<br/>Table 4.20 Total External Debt of Developing Member Countries (US$ million)<br/>Table 4.21 Total External Debt of Developing Member Countries (percent of GNI)<br/>Table 4.22 Total External Debt of Developing Member Countries<br/>(percent of exports of goods, services, and income)<br/>Table 4.23 Total Debt Service Paid by Developing Member Countries (US$ million)<br/>Table 4.24 Total Debt Service Paid by Developing Member Countries<br/>(percent of exports of goods, services, and income)<br/>Tourism<br/>Table 4.25 International Tourists (thousand)<br/>Table 4.26 International Tourism, Receipts (US$ million)<br/>Transport, Electricity, and Communications<br/>Transport<br/>Table 5.1 Road Indicators<br/>Table 5.2 Rail Indicators<br/>Electricity<br/>Table 5.3 Electricity Production and Sources<br/>Table 5.4 Electricity Consumption and Electrification<br/>Communications<br/>Table 5.5 Computer and Broadband Indicators<br/>Table 5.6 Expenditures on Information and Communications Technology<br/>Energy and Environment<br/>Energy<br/>Table 6.1 GDP per Unit of Energy Use (constant 2005 PPP US$ per kilogram of oil equivalent)<br/>Table 6.2 Energy Production (kilotons of oil equivalent)<br/>Table 6.3 Energy Imports, Net (percent of energy use) ;<br/>Environment<br/>Table 6.4 Agriculture Land Use (percent of land area) ;<br/>Table 6.5 Deforestation and Pollution<br/>Government and Governance ;<br/>Government Finance<br/>Table 7.1 Fiscal Balance<br/>Table 7.2 Tax Revenue ;<br/>Table 7.3 Total Government Revenue (percent of GDP) ;<br/>Table 7.4 Total Government Expenditure ;<br/>Table 7.5 Government Expenditure on Education (percent of GDP) ;<br/>Table 7.6 Government Expenditure on Health (percent of GDP) ;<br/>Table 7.7 Government Expenditure on Social Security and Welfare (percent of GDP) ;<br/>Governance<br/>Table 7.8 Doing Business Start-Up Indicators ;<br/>Table 7.9 Corruption Perceptions Index ;<br/>Regional Tables—Figures<br/>Figure 1.1 Percentage Distribution of Population by Region, 2009 1<br/>Figure 1.2 Annual Percentage Growth of Population, 1990 and 2009 1<br/>Figure I 3 Percentage of Population in Urban Areas, 1990 and 2009 or Latest Year ]<br/>Figure 1.4 Number of Physicians per 1,000 Population, 1990 and 2007 or Nearest Year 1<br/>Figure 1.5 Change in Life Expectancy at Birth (Years) 1990-2008 or Nearest Year 1<br/>Figure 2.1 Percentage Distribution of GDP at PPP: Asia and Pacific Region in the World Economy, 2008 I<br/>Figure 2.2 Percentage Distribution of GDP at PPP in the Asia and Pacific Region, 2009 1<br/>Figure 2.3a Per Capita GDP in PPP Terms: Higher Income Economies.<br/>2000 and 2009 (thousand, current international dollars) I<br/>Figure 2.3b Per Capita GDP in PPP Terms: Lower Income Economies,<br/>2000 and 2009 (thousand, current international dollars)<br/>Figure 2.4 Top Twenty Economies in the World in Terms of GDP at PPP, 2008 (percent of global GDP)<br/>Figure 2.5 Real GDP Growth, 2007, 2008, and 2009 (percent)<br/>Figure 2.6 Exports of Goods and Services as a Percentage of GDP, 2007 and 2009<br/>Figure 2.7 Private Consumption and Capital Formation as a Percentage of GDP,<br/>Average of Latest Three Years<br/>Figure 3.1 Consumer Price Indexes, 2008 and 2009 (annual percentage change)<br/>Figure 3.2 Price Increases for All Items and Food Components, 2009 (annual percentage change)<br/>Figure 3.3 Growth of Money Supply, 2008 and 2009<br/>Figure 3.4 Bank Lending Rates, 2008 and 2009 (annual percentage interest rates)<br/>Figure 3.5 Percentage Fall in Dollar Exchange Rates, 2009 Compared with 2008<br/>Figure 3.6a Price Indexes of Five Major Stock Markets (based on stock market capitalization; 2000=100)....<br/>Figure 3.6b Price Indexes of Five Smaller Stock Markets (based on stock market capitalization; 2000=100).<br/>Figure 4. la Percentage Distribution of Merchandise Imports in the Asia and Pacific Region, 1995<br/>Figure 4. lb Percentage Distribution of Merchandise Imports in the Asia and Pacific Region, 2009<br/>Figure 4.2a Destination of Merchandise Exports, 2009 (percent)<br/>Figure 4.2b Origin of Merchandise Imports, 2009 (percent)<br/>Figure 4.3 Annual Growth in Merchandise Exports in US Dollars, 2007, 2008, and 2009 (percent)<br/>Figure 4.4 Migrant Workers' Remittances as a Percent of GDP, 2008 and 2009<br/>Figure 4.5a International Tourist Arrivals (thousands)<br/>Figure 4.5b International Tourism Receipts (US$ million)<br/>Figure 4.6 Net Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment, 2007 and 2009 (percent of GDP)<br/>Figure 5.1 Distribution of Motor Vehicles in Asia and the Pacific, 2007 (percent)<br/>Figure 5.2 Motor Vehicles per 1,000 People, 2007 or Latest Year<br/>Figure 5.3 Average Annual Percentage Growth in Road Networks, 1990 to Latest Year<br/>Figure 5.4 Average Annual Percentage Growth of Rail Networks,<br/>1990 or Nearest Year to 2008 or Latest Year<br/>Figure 5.5a Increase in Electricity Production (ratio: 2007/1990)<br/>Figure 5.5b Sources of Electricity, 2007 (percentage distribution)<br/>Figure 6.1a Percentage Breakdown of Energy Production by Region, 2007 (kiloton of oil equivalent)<br/>Figure 6.1b Shares of Total Energy Production in the Asia and Pacific Region, 2000 and 2007<br/>Figure 6.2 Net Energy Imports as Percent of Energy Use, Average, 2005-2007<br/>Figure 6.3 GDP per Unit of Energy, 2000 and 2007 (constant 2005 PPP$ per kilogram of oil equivalent)....<br/>Figure 6.4 Water Pollution: BOD in Kilograms per Day per Worker, 1990 and 2007 or Nearest Years<br/>Figure 7.1 Fiscal Deficits as a Percentage of GDP, 2008 and 2009<br/>Figure 7.2 Tax Revenue as a Percentage of GDP, 2008 and 2009 ;.<br/>Figure 7.3 Government Expenditure on Education as a Percentage of GDP, 2008 and 2009<br/>Figure 7.4 Government Expenditure on Social Security<br/>and Welfare as a Percentage of GDP, 2008 and 2009<br/>Figure 7.5 Number of Days Required to Register a Business, 2005 and 2009<br/>Figure 7.6 Corruption Perceptions Index, 2005 and 2009<br/>Regional Tables—Boxes<br/>Box 1 What are Purchasing Power Parities?<br/>Box 1.1 Asia and the Pacific Economies Ranked by the Human Development Index, 2007<br/>(out of 182 economies)<br/>Box 5.1 Estimated Number of Personal Computers per 100 Persons, 2008 or Latest Year<br/>Box 6.1 Consumption of CFC, 2008 (ODP Metric Tons)<br/><br/><br/><br/>PART IV - Definitions<br/>Millennium Development Goals,<br/>Regional Tables |
